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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.31, 0.99] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.45, 0.97] | 1 study · 679 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.25, 0.92] | 1 study · 70 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [0.96, 2.81] | 2 studies · 677 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.82, 1.98] | 2 studies · 748 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.5, 0.82] | 2 studies · 257 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.82, 1.69] | 2 studies · 255 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ PANSS ‐ when compared with ultra low dose (<2mg) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.74, 1.07] | 1 study · 679 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ PANSS ‐ when compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.73, 1.12] | 2 studies · 262 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ PANSS ‐ when compared with standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.9, 1.36] | 1 study · 677 participants | Moderate |
ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured by PANSS ‐ when compared with standard‐low dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.99, 1.55] | 1 study · 456 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ PANSS ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [1.05, 1.47] | 3 studies · 941 participants | High |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.01, 3.18] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Moderate |
HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 2.22 [1.19, 4.14] | 2 studies · 262 participants | Moderate |
ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured by PANSS ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.05, 1.66] | 1 study · 459 participants | Moderate |
ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured by PANSS ‐ when compared with high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.94, 1.35] | 1 study · 679 participants | Moderate |
LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.15, 3.72] | 1 study · 5 participants | Moderate |
LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term Leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone dose for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | RR 3.11 [1.41, 6.84] | 2 studies · 70 participants | Moderate |
Monetary reward vs no monetary reward Target behaviour: average number of dolls assembled per day · patients with schizophrenia1 Monetary incentives for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mental state: 1a. Overall no clinically important improvement (BPRS) ‐ short term 25‐30% change BPRS1,2 ( · people with schizophrenia Morita therapy for schizophrenia (2007) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.13, 1.03] | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mental state: 1a. Overall no clinically important improvement (BPRS) ‐ medium term 25‐30% change BPRS1,2 ( · people with schizophrenia Morita therapy for schizophrenia (2007) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.14, 0.89] | 1 study · 76 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Global state: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ Short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.92, 2.83] | 8 studies · 274 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Global state: 2. Relapse ‐ short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 3.12 [0.34, 28.36] | 2 studies · 68 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effects: 1. Death ‐ short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 282 participants | Ungraded |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effects: 1. Death ‐ medium term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effect: 2. General ‐ Short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 5.42 [0.27, 107.2] | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs Placebo Adverse effects: 3. Specific ‐ cardiovascular ‐ short term · People with Schizophrenia Beta‐blocker supplementation of standard drug treatment for schizophrenia (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [0.7, 3.84] | 8 studies · 274 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Committed suicide by three years · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.05, 5.56] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Global impression: 1. Not able to be discharged (long term) · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 8.35 [2.03, 34.3] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Global impression: 2. Given medication during 12 months to three years · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.5, 0.81] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs MEDICATION Global impression: 2. Given medication during 12 months to three years · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.75, 0.96] | 1 study · 94 participants | Low |
PROMPT TYPE vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment ‐ telephone prompts · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.66, 1.07] | 2 studies · 447 participants | Moderate |
PROMPT TYPE vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment ‐ text‐based prompts · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.43, 1.32] | 3 studies · 326 participants | Moderate |
PROMPT TYPE vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment ‐ combination of telephone and text‐based prompts · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.42, 1.17] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low |
TELEPHONE PROMPTS vs TEXT‐BASED PROMPTS (ORIENTATION STATEMENT) Did not attend appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.93 [0.98, 3.8] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
TEXT LETTER PROMPT vs TEXT ORIENTATION STATEMENT Did not attend appointment ‐ any time before appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.89, 2.92] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
TEXT LETTER PROMPT vs TEXT ORIENTATION STATEMENT Did not attend appointment ‐ one day before appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.78, 5.15] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
TEXT LETTER PROMPT vs TEXT ORIENTATION STATEMENT Did not attend appointment ‐ three days before · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.64, 2.93] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
ANY PROMPT vs NO PROMPT Did not attend appointment · patients with serious mental illness Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness (2001) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.65, 0.98] | 4 studies · 789 participants | Moderate |