Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,793 questions · 1,866 findings · 339 reviews

No studies found 245 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 142 · 7.6%Very low 612 · 32.8%Low 513 · 27.5%Moderate 305 · 16.3%High 49 · 2.6%

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Clinically important response to treatment (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in clinically important response to treatment (short term) compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in leaving the study early due to any reason as a measure of overall… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes leaving the study early due to inefficacy of treatment as a measure… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ due to adverse effects (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes leaving the study early due to adverse events as a measure of… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with schizophrenia

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in adverse effects: number of participants with at least one adverse… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs first‐generation antipsychotics

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether haloperidol changes adverse effects: extrapyramidal side effects: number of participants… compared with first‐generation antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tacrolimus 0.1% vs corticosteroids

Physician's assessment of global response of improvement, clear or excellent ‐ 6 weeks · people with atopic dermatitis

Tacrolimus 0.1% probably leads to higher physician's assessment of global response of improvement, clear or… compared with corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes functional ability (short‐term) AKPS (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes functional ability (short‐term) AKPS (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Usual pain (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review