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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

current versions

No studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Adverse events: Any event · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.91, 1.1]	1 study · 207 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Satisfaction with care: Loss to · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	RR 4 [0.45, 35.19]	1 study · 208 participants	Very low
SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1a. DIFFERENT DEPOT from DEPOT‐medium term (3‐12 months) Physiological measure: Metabolic syndrome · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 3 participants	Ungraded
SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1a. DIFFERENT DEPOT from DEPOT‐medium term (3‐12 months) Global state: Changing dose because of deterioration ‐ switching to haloperidol decanoate from fluphenazine decanoate · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.35]	1 study · 19 participants	Low
SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1a. DIFFERENT DEPOT from DEPOT‐medium term (3‐12 months) Mental state: Deteriorated ‐ switching to haloperidol decanoate from fluphenazine decanoate · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.35]	1 study · 19 participants	Low
SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1a. DIFFERENT DEPOT from DEPOT‐medium term (3‐12 months) Adverse effects: serious · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 3 participants	Ungraded
SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1a. DIFFERENT DEPOT from DEPOT‐medium term (3‐12 months) Satisfaction with care: Loss to · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	RR 4.55 [0.25, 83.7]	1 study · 19 participants	Very low
SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1b. NEW ATYPICAL from OLANZAPINE ‐ medium term (3‐12 months) Weight: 1. Body weight (kg) · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 287 participants	Low
SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1b. NEW ATYPICAL from OLANZAPINE ‐ medium term (3‐12 months) Weight: 1. Body weight (kg) ‐ switching to aripiprazole · patients with people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic… (2010) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 158 participants	Low
CHLORPROMAZINE vs HALOPERIDOL Global outcome: Number of additional injections ‐ 2‐4 injections · patients with psychosis induced aggression or agitation Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.52, 1.55]	1 study · 30 participants	Very low
CHLORPROMAZINE vs HALOPERIDOL Global outcome: Number of additional injections ‐ 5 or more · patients with psychosis induced aggression or agitation Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.2, 2.79]	1 study · 30 participants	Very low
CHLORPROMAZINE vs HALOPERIDOL Adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension · patients with psychosis induced aggression or agitation Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation (2010) · Cochrane	RR 5 [0.26, 96.13]	1 study · 30 participants	Very low
CHLORPROMAZINE vs HALOPERIDOL Adverse effects ‐ movement disorders ‐ extrapyramidal side effects · patients with psychosis induced aggression or agitation Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation (2010) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 30 participants	Ungraded
CHLORPROMAZINE vs HALOPERIDOL Adverse effects ‐ seizures · patients with psychosis induced aggression or agitation Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation (2010) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.13, 68.26]	1 study · 30 participants	Very low
CHLORPROMAZINE vs HALOPERIDOL Leaving the study early · patients with psychosis induced aggression or agitation Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation (2010) · Cochrane	RR 2 [0.2, 19.78]	1 study · 30 participants	Very low
Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ any reason · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 1.11 [0.45, 2.74]	1 study · 41 participants	Low
Levomepromazine vs Atypical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.83 [0.4, 1.74]	2 studies · 106 participants	Very low
Levomepromazine vs Atypical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to patient deterioration · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 5 [0.25, 98.27]	1 study · 42 participants	Moderate
Levomepromazine vs Atypical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ lost to · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.74]	1 study · 42 participants	Low
Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.95 [0.22, 4.18]	1 study · 41 participants	Low
Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 4.77 [0.24, 93.67]	1 study · 41 participants	Low
Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ medium term ‐ any reason · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 2 [0.2, 19.62]	1 study · 28 participants	Very low
Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ any reason · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.4 [0.09, 1.81]	1 study · 38 participants	Moderate
Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.07, 14.85]	1 study · 38 participants	Moderate
Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ lost to · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.07, 14.85]	1 study · 38 participants	Moderate
Levomepromazine vs Atypical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ any reason · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.67, 1.49]	2 studies · 106 participants	Low
Levomepromazine vs Atypical antipsychotics Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia Levomepromazine for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 5 [0.25, 98.27]	1 study · 42 participants	Moderate
SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Global state: No clinically important response ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.58 [0.3, 1.09]	3 studies · 193 participants	Low
SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Specific adverse effects: 1a. CNS ‐ short term ‐ movement disorder ‐ extrapyramidal effects · patients with schizophrenia Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 48.24 [3.05, 762.56]	1 study · 70 participants	Very low
SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Specific adverse effects: 3a. Endocrine system ‐ short term ‐ weight gain · patients with schizophrenia Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.3 [0.09, 0.99]	1 study · 64 participants	Low
SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Specific adverse effects: 4. Gastrointestinal system ‐ short term ‐ salavation ‐ too much · patients with schizophrenia Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.49 [0.29, 0.83]	3 studies · 162 participants	Low
SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Mental state: 1a. General ‐ No clinical important improvement ‐ BPRS ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.55 [0.32, 0.92]	1 study · 28 participants	Low
SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Mental state: 2a. Negative symptoms ‐ No clinical important improvement ‐ negative symptoms (SANS) · patients with schizophrenia Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.56, 1.04]	1 study · 28 participants	Low
SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG SENSITIVITY ‐ Global/mental state: No clinically important response ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia (2010) · Cochrane	RR 0.56 [0.36, 0.88]	4 studies · 221 participants	Low
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL Relapse ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.84]	19 studies · 1303 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Global impression: 1. Not clinically improved ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.71 [0.64, 0.79]	4 studies · 370 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Global impression: 1. Not clinically improved ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.83 [0.76, 0.91]	2 studies · 648 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects 1. Blood problems · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 1.9 [0.97, 3.71]	5 studies · 827 participants	Ungraded
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects 4. Salivation ‐ too much · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 2.01 [1.74, 2.32]	5 studies · 827 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects 5. Weight gain · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 1.33 [1.11, 1.59]	3 studies · 484 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL Relapse ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.22 [0.14, 0.34]	4 studies · 578 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL Global impression: 1. Not clinically improved ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.72 [0.66, 0.79]	14 studies · 1119 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL Unable to work · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.87 [0.75, 1]	4 studies · 416 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL Adverse effects: 1. Blood problems ‐ decreased white cell count · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 7.09 [1.96, 25.62]	13 studies · 1031 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL Adverse effects: 4. Salivation ‐ too much · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 2.25 [1.96, 2.58]	17 studies · 1479 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL Adverse effects: 5a. Weight gain · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 1.28 [1.07, 1.53]	5 studies · 590 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Relapse ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 1.04 [0.61, 1.78]	4 studies · 396 participants	Moderate
CLOZAPINE vs TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Relapse ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.17 [0.1, 0.3]	1 study · 423 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings 1. INTERCESSORY PRAYER (CONTEMPORANEOUS ) vs STANDARD CARE Death by end of trial · patients with various illnesses Intercessory prayer for the alleviation of ill health (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.72 [0.38, 1.38]	5 studies · 3389 participants	Low
Summary of findings 4. AWARENESS OF INTERCESSORY PRAYER vs INTERCESSORY PRAYER Clinical state: 1. Improved/not improved: intermediate or bad outcome · patients with scheduled to receive non‐emergency CABG Intercessory prayer for the alleviation of ill health (2009) · Cochrane	RR 0.78 [0.6, 1.02]	1 study · 1205 participants	Moderate