What do systematic reviews say?

Halita mouthrinse vs Perio-plus mouthrinse

Halita mouthrinse showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), portable gas chromatograph compared with perio-plus mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  8 days
  MD -25.0 [-64.21, 14.21]
  1 study · 36 participants
  GRADE not reported

Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges vs placebo control

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Marchetti 2015 (2-arm RCT) compared Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges versus placebo lozenges (OLT, VSC and breath print). The study did not report any usable data and hence could not be included in the meta-analysis.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -0.5 [-0.83, -0.17]
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  MD -20.53 [-38.52, -2.54]
  1 study · 41 participants
  GRADE not reported

1000 mg champignon extract vs 50 mg champignon extract

It is very uncertain whether 1000 mg champignon extract changes patient-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) score (scale 0 to 100) compared with 50 mg champignon extract (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -5.32 [-18.14, 7.5]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether essential oil mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -0.09 [-0.47, 0.29]
  1 study · 45 participants
  Very low

Cinnamon herbal mouthwash; Nanosil (hydrogen peroxide) mouthwash; Irsha mouthwash vs Water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control)

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Talebian 2009 (cross-over study) tested cinnamon herbal, Nanosil and Irsha mouthwashes versus water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control); VSC by halimeter. We could not include the results in the…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Two-phase oil-water mouthrinse (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride) vs Control mouthwash

Oil water two-phase mouthwash (with cetylpyridinium chloride) showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), sulphide monitor compared with control mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  MD -11.0 [-25.26, 3.26]
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Triclosan mouthwash (with and without alcohol); zinc lactate + chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Lopez Jornet 2003 (4-arm RCT) compared triclosan mouthwash with and without alcohol and a zinc lactate + chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium mouthwash versus placebo mouthwash (VSC by halimeter and OLT). We could not…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  Dentist-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for dentist-reported OLT score.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Toothbrushing + 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Toothbrushing alone

Toothbrushing + 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash may leads to lower dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with toothbrushing (low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 3 weeks
  MD -0.48 [-0.72, -0.24]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Low

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

It is very uncertain whether 0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo chewing gum (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  MD -0.1 [-0.31, 0.11]
  1 study · 65 participants
  Very low

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 1 week
  MD 0.01 [-0.95, 0.97]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

0.2% zinc sulphate toothpaste vs Placebo toothpaste (without zinc)

0.2% zinc sulphate toothpaste led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with placebo toothpaste (without zinc); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -11.3 [-20.45, -2.15]
  1 study · 188 participants
  GRADE not reported

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) mouthwash changes patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 1 week
  MD -0.18 [-1.59, 1.23]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs 0.4% eucalyptus chewing gum

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with 0.4% eucalyptus chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD 0.0 [-0.21, 0.21]
  1 study · 64 participants
  GRADE not reported

Toothbrushing + 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Toothbrushing alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 3 weeks
  Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Pycnogenol chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

Pycnogenol chewing gum led to lower VSC: hydrogen sulphide compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -114.9 [-206.59, -23.21]
  1 study · 21 participants
  GRADE not reported

Zinc chloride + sodium fluoride dentifrice vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Payne 2011 reported 19 non-oral and 12 oral adverse effects. The oral effects were tingling sensation in lips, dry mouth or sore gums.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Less intensive vs more intensive follow‐up after primary cancer treatment

• Follow‐up strategies following completion of primary cancer treatment in adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  180 participants
  Very low