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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal
current versionsNo studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Serious adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Pain · children with symptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Function or disability (global function · children with symptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Quality of life (measured on 0 to 100‐point PedsQL; higher score = better QoL) · children with symptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Treatment success · children with symptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Customised foot orthoses vs shoes Withdrawal due to adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.94, 1.19] | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Withdrawal due to adverse events · children with symptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Adverse effects · children with symptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Serious adverse events · children with symptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Customised foot orthoses vs shoes Adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Customised foot orthoses vs shoes Serious adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Pain(measured as proportion with pain) · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.76, 1.16] | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Function or disability · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mobility training vs control Mobility (SPPB from 0 to 12; a higher score indicates better mobility.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1151 participants | High |
Mobility training vs control: subgroups with or without cognitive impairments Function (A higher score indicates better functioning.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Mobility training vs control: subgroups with or without cognitive impairments Mobility (A higher score indicates better mobility.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 967 participants | High |
Mobility training vs control: subgroups with or without cognitive impairments Function (A higher score indicates better functioning.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 839 participants | Moderate |
Mobility training vs control Function (Barthel Index from 0 to 100; a higher score indicates better functioning.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 916 participants | Moderate |
Mobility training vs control Adverse events · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 225 participants | Very low |
Mobility training vs control Number of people who experienced 1 or more admissions to a nursing care facility · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 241 participants | Low |
Mobility training vs control Number of fallers · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 425 participants | Low |
Mobility training vs control Death · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 747 participants | Moderate |
Mobility training vs control: 6 months post‐intervention Mobility (A higher score indicates better mobility.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 451 participants | Moderate |
Mobility training vs control: 6 months post‐intervention Function (A higher score indicates better functioning.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 278 participants | Low |
Mobility training vs control: subgroups with or without cognitive impairments Mobility (A higher score indicates better mobility.) · older people living in the community with frailty Mobility training for increasing mobility and functioning in older people with frailty (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 171 participants | Low |
Autologous non‐myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Overall mortality · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.44, 1.85] | 1 study · 156 participants | Moderate |
Autologous myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Functional ability – HAQ‐DIb Scale 0–3 with 0 representing no/mild impairment and 3 representing very severe impairment. The study incorporated a ≥ 0.4 threshold. · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.43 [1.54, 7.62] | 1 study · 75 participants | Low |
Autologous myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Skin thickness – mRSS Scale 0–51 in which a higher number is worse skin thickening. The study incorporated a ≥ 25% improvement threshold. · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [1.06, 2.13] | 1 study · 75 participants | Moderate |
Autologous myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Interstitial lung disease – FVC (% predicted) A lower percentage represents worse lung disease. The study incorporated a ≥ 10% chance · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [0.75, 3.51] | 1 study · 75 participants | Moderate |
Autologous myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Pulmonary arterial hypertension · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Autologous myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Serious adverse events · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.99, 2.08] | 1 study · 71 participants | Moderate |
Autologous non‐myeloablative non‐selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Overall mortality · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Autologous non‐myeloablative non‐selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Event‐free survival · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Autologous non‐myeloablative non‐selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Functional ability – HAQ‐DI Scale 0–3 with 0 representing no/mild impairment and 3 representing very severe impairment. The study incorporated a ≥ 0.4 threshold · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Autologous non‐myeloablative non‐selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Skin thickness – mRSS Scale 0–51 in which a higher number is worse skin thickening · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Autologous non‐myeloablative non‐selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Interstitial lung disease – FVC % predicted A lower percentage represents worse lung disease. The study incorporated a ≥ 15% chance · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Autologous non‐myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Event‐free survival · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.34 [0.16, 0.74] | 1 study · 156 participants | Moderate |
Autologous non‐myeloablative non‐selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Pulmonary arterial hypertension · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Autologous non‐myeloablative non‐selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Serious adverse events · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Autologous non‐myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Functional ability –HAQ‐DI Scale 0–3, with 0 representing no/mild impairment and 3 representing very severe impairment. · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Autologous non‐myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Skin thickness – mRSS The scale is from 0 to 51 in which a higher number is worse skin thickening. · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Moderate |
Autologous non‐myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Interstitial lung disease – FVC % predicted A lower percentage represents worse lung disease · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Moderate |
Autologous non‐myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Pulmonary arterial hypertension · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Autologous non‐myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Serious adverse events · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [1.2, 2.3] | 1 study · 156 participants | Moderate |
Autologous myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Overall mortality · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.24, 1.43] | 1 study · 75 participants | Moderate |
Autologous myeloablative selective HSCT vs cyclophosphamide Event‐free survival · people with systemic sclerosis Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.54 [0.23, 1.27] | 1 study · 75 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs placebo adjunctive therapies Pain · osteoarthritis of the hip or knee Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 1428 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs land‐based exercise therapy Quality of life ‐ total · osteoarthritis of the hip or knee Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1483 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs land‐based exercise therapy Participant‐reported global assessment‐ total · osteoarthritis of the hip or knee Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [1.15, 1.62] | 5 studies · 840 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs land‐based exercise therapy Radiographic joint structure change (lower scores represent less joint structure change) · osteoarthritis of the hip or knee Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 156 participants | Low |