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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
611 questions in 50 reviews · Injuries
current versionsNo studies 125 · 20.5%Ungraded 22 · 3.6%Very low 185 · 30.3%Low 171 · 28%Moderate 77 · 12.6%High 31 · 5.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anaerobic coverage only vs gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.68, 1.52] | 4 studies · 523 participants | Very low |
Anaerobic coverage only vs gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage Mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 417 participants | Very low |
Anaerobic coverage only vs gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.59, 2.32] | 3 studies · 437 participants | Very low |
Gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage vs gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and anaerobic coverage Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.55, 3.56] | 6 studies · 516 participants | Very low |
Gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage vs gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and anaerobic coverage Mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage vs gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and anaerobic coverage Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.43, 3.28] | 5 studies · 430 participants | Very low |
Gram‐positive and gram‐negative coverage vs gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.65, 1.88] | 3 studies · 555 participants | Very low |
More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics Mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.67 [0.73, 3.82] | 7 studies · 1261 participants | Very low |
Gram‐positive and gram‐negative coverage vs gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage Mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.55 [0.11, 2.77] | 3 studies · 555 participants | Very low |
Gram‐positive and gram‐negative coverage vs gram‐negative and anaerobic coverage Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.59, 1.98] | 3 studies · 555 participants | Very low |
More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.84, 1.8] | 6 studies · 1111 participants | Very low |
Single dose of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.87, 2.52] | 1 study · 360 participants | Very low |
Single dose of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics Mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 360 participants | Very low |
Single dose of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.25, 2.32] | 1 study · 360 participants | Very low |
Anaerobic coverage only vs gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and anaerobic coverage Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.79, 2.71] | 4 studies · 395 participants | Very low |
Anaerobic coverage only vs gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and anaerobic coverage Mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 309 participants | Very low |
Anaerobic coverage only vs gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and anaerobic coverage Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.46 [0.66, 9.14] | 3 studies · 309 participants | Very low |
Iron therapy vs placebo, no treatment or standard care Proportion of participants who received a blood transfusion · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.87, 1.7] | 4 studies · 200 participants | Low |
Intravenous iron therapy vs oral iron therapy Ferritin preoperatively postintervention (ng/L) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | MD 395.03 [227.72, 562.35] | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Iron therapy vs placebo, no treatment or standard care Any validated measure of quality of life (measured by SF36) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Iron therapy vs placebo, no treatment or standard care Haemoglobin levels at end of preoperative treatment (g/dL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | MD 0.63 | 2 studies · 83 participants | Low |
Iron therapy vs placebo, no treatment or standard care Haemoglobin levels post‐treatment and surgery (g/dL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | MD 0.17 | 2 studies · 86 participants | Low |
Iron therapy vs placebo, no treatment or standard care Ferritin at the end of preoperative treatment (ng/mL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | MD 149 [25.68, 272.32] | 1 study · 76 participants | Low |
Intravenous iron therapy vs oral iron therapy Proportion of participants who received a blood transfusion · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous iron therapy vs oral iron therapy Any validated measure of quality of life · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous iron therapy vs oral iron therapy Haemoglobin levels at end of preoperative treatment (g/dL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | MD 1.23 [0.8, 1.65] | 2 studies · 172 participants | Low |
Intravenous iron therapy vs oral iron therapy Haemoglobin levels post‐treatment and surgery (g/dL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Intracranial pressure (mmHg) · adults presenting with elevated intracranial pressure secondary to a traumatic brain injury Indomethacin for intracranial hypertension secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Mortality one month after the start of therapy · adults presenting with elevated intracranial pressure secondary to a traumatic brain injury Indomethacin for intracranial hypertension secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse effects considered as serious by either the patient or the clinician · adults presenting with elevated intracranial pressure secondary to a traumatic brain injury Indomethacin for intracranial hypertension secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Disability (measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale; higher score is better) · adults presenting with elevated intracranial pressure secondary to a traumatic brain injury Indomethacin for intracranial hypertension secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Differences in quality of life ( · adults presenting with elevated intracranial pressure secondary to a traumatic brain injury Indomethacin for intracranial hypertension secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intravenous iron vs placebo Haemoglobin concentration taken at the end of · non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 548 participants | Low |
Intravenous iron vs placebo Overall quality of life measured at the end of · non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 344 participants | Very low |
Intravenous iron vs placebo Serum ferritin concentration measured at the end of · non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 376 participants | Very low |
Intravenous iron vs placebo Bacterial infection · non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous iron vs placebo Peak oxygen consumption taken at the end of · non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 32 participants | Very low |
Intravenous iron vs placebo Serious adverse events · non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous iron vs placebo Mild adverse effects · non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults Intravenous iron therapy for non‐anaemic, iron‐deficient adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.97, 1.45] | 3 studies · 440 participants | Very low |
Starches vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (at end of Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.86, 1.09] | 24 studies · 11177 participants | Moderate |
Dextrans vs crystalloid Renal replacement therapy Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dextrans vs crystalloid Adverse events Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gelatins vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (at end of Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.74, 1.08] | 6 studies · 1698 participants | Low |
Gelatins vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (within 90 days) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.73, 1.09] | 1 study · 1388 participants | Low |
Gelatins vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (within 30 days) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.74, 1.16] | 1 study · 1388 participants | Low |
Gelatins vs crystalloid Transfusion of blood products Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5.89 [0.24, 142.41] | 1 study · 167 participants | Very low |
Gelatins vs crystalloid Renal replacement therapy Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gelatins vs crystalloid Adverse events Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Albumin and fresh frozen plasma vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (at end of Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.06] | 20 studies · 13047 participants | Moderate |
Albumin and fresh frozen plasma vs crystalloid All‐cause mortality (within 90 days) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.04] | 10 studies · 12492 participants | Moderate |