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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,518 questions in 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases
current versionsNo studies 135 · 8.9%Ungraded 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Indoor adult mosquito density · children and adults at risk of malaria House modifications for preventing malaria (2022) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.63 [0.3, 1.3] | 4 studies · 9894 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Test result · people with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosisRole: an initial testIndex test: Xpert MTB/XDRThreshold for index test:… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR False positivespeople incorrectly classified as having isoniazid resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 327 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Test result · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positivespeople with fluoroquinolone resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 381 participants | High |
Intervention NR False negativespeople incorrectly classified as not having fluoroquinolone resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 381 participants | High |
Intervention NR True negativespeople without fluoroquinolone resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 640 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR False positivespeople incorrectly classified as having fluoroquinolone resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 640 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Test result · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positivespeople with ethionamide resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 167 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR False negativespeople incorrectly classified as not having ethionamide resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 167 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR True negativespeople without ethionamide resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 267 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR True positivespeople with pulmonary tuberculosis · people with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosisRole: an initial testIndex test: Xpert MTB/XDRThreshold for index test:… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 799 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR False positivespeople incorrectly classified as having ethionamide resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 267 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Test result · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis‐positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positivespeople with amikacin resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis‐positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False negativespeople incorrectly classified as not having amikacin resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis‐positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Intervention NR True negativespeople without amikacin resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis‐positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 425 participants | High |
Intervention NR False positivespeople incorrectly classified as having amikacin resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with known rifampicin resistance, detected as tuberculosis‐positive by Xpert… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 425 participants | High |
Intervention NR False negativespeople incorrectly classified as not having pulmonary tuberculosis · people with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosisRole: an initial testIndex test: Xpert MTB/XDRThreshold for index test:… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 799 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR True negativespeople without pulmonary tuberculosis · people with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosisRole: an initial testIndex test: Xpert MTB/XDRThreshold for index test:… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 429 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR False positivespeople incorrectly classified as having pulmonary tuberculosis · people with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosisRole: an initial testIndex test: Xpert MTB/XDRThreshold for index test:… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 429 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Test result · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positivespeople with isoniazid resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 756 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR False negativespeople incorrectly classified as not having isoniazid resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 756 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR True negativespeople without isoniazid resistance · adults with pulmonary tuberculosis irrespective of rifampicin resistance (i.e. whether or not their rifampicin… Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones,… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 327 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings… Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.14, 2.51] | 3 studies · 230 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Improvement of clinical status: all initial symptoms resolved (asymptomatic) at day 14 · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.6, 1.36] | 2 studies · 478 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Improvement of clinical status: time to symptom resolution · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR QoL (physical component) at up to 28 days, measured on the PROMIS Global‐10 scale and normalized to values from 16.2, low QoL, to 67.2, maximum QoL · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0 | 1 study · 1358 participants | High |
Intervention NR QoL (mental component) at up to 28 days, measured on the PROMIS Global‐10 scale and normalized to values from 21.2, low QoL, to 67.6, maximum QoL · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0 | 1 study · 1358 participants | High |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events during the trial period · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.27 [0.62, 8.31] | 5 studies · 1502 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Any adverse events during the trial period · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.87, 1.76] | 5 studies · 1502 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Viral clearance at day 7 · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.69, 1.48] | 2 studies · 331 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Worsening of clinical status: participants with new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death at day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings… Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.33, 2.04] | 2 studies · 118 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Improvement of clinical status: participants discharged alive at day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings… Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.78, 1.35] | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Intervention NR QoL at longest · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings… Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings… Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [0.07, 35.89] | 2 studies · 197 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Any adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings… Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.61, 1.79] | 3 studies · 228 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Viral clearance at day 7 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings… Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.8, 1.58] | 3 studies · 231 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at day 28 · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.47, 1.25] | 6 studies · 2860 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Worsening of clinical status: admission to hospital or death within 28 days · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§ Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.2, 6.02] | 2 studies · 590 participants | Low |
Albendazole vs placebo or no anthelmintics Seizure recurrence ‐ all participants · people with neurocysticercosis Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.14] | 10 studies · 1054 participants | Low |
Albendazole vs placebo or no anthelmintics Seizure recurrence ‐ participants with a single cyst · people with neurocysticercosis Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.4, 0.91] | 5 studies · 396 participants | Moderate |
Albendazole vs placebo or no anthelmintics Seizure recurrence ‐ participants with multiple (> 1) cysts · people with neurocysticercosis Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.05 [1.28, 3.31] | 2 studies · 321 participants | Very low |
Albendazole vs placebo or no anthelmintics Complete radiological clearance of lesions · people with neurocysticercosis Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [1.07, 1.39] | 13 studies · 1324 participants | Moderate |
Albendazole vs placebo or no anthelmintics Evolution of cysts · people with neurocysticercosis Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.1, 1.47] | 6 studies · 434 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Episodes of diarrhoea · children Hand‐washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea (2021) · Cochrane | IRR 0.7 [0.58, 0.85] | 9 studies · 4664 participants | High |
Intervention NR Episodes of diarrhoea: rate ratios · children up to 15 years of age Hand‐washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea (2021) · Cochrane | rate ratio 0.71 [0.62, 0.81] | 9 studies · 15950 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Episodes of diarrhoea · adults with AIDS Hand‐washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea (2021) · Cochrane | Mean difference 1.68 | 1 study · 148 participants | Moderate |