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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Omeprazole vs placebo Improvement in pH metrics in infants · infants with GORD Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Omeprazole vs placebo Endoscopic metrics ‐ not measured · infants with GORD Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omeprazole vs ranitidine Improvement in symptoms in infants · GORD in infants Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Omeprazole vs ranitidine Adverse events in infants ‐ not measured · GORD in infants Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omeprazole vs ranitidine Improvement in pH metrics in infants ‐ not measured · GORD in infants Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omeprazole vs ranitidine Improvement in endoscopic findings in infants ‐ not measured · GORD in infants Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Esomeprazole vs placebo Improvement in symptoms and signs in infants · GORD in infants Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D (all doses) vs placebo/no treatment Clinical response at end of study (4 weeks) · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4 [1.51, 10.57] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) Clinical relapse · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) Quality of life · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.09 [0.13, 73.17] | 4 studies · 233 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D (all doses) vs placebo/no treatment Clinical relapse at end of study (26–52) weeks · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.34, 0.96] | 3 studies · 310 participants | Low |
Vitamin D (all doses) vs placebo/no treatment Quality of life at end of study (26 weeks) · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 243 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D (all doses) vs placebo/no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.97 [0.18, 21.27] | 12 studies · 1251 participants | Very low |
High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) Clinical response · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) Clinical relapse at end of study (52 weeks) · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.23, 1.01] | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) Quality of life · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.08] | 3 studies · 104 participants | Very low |
Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) Clinical response · people with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease of any age Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab 5–10 mg/kg vs placebo Clinical remission defined as CDAI < 150 at week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.55 [1.53, 13.5] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs purine analogues Clinical remission at week 26 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [1.15, 1.95] | 2 studies · 355 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs purine analogues Clinical response at week 26 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.13, 1.82] | 2 studies · 355 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs purine analogues Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.46, 1.06] | 2 studies · 355 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 10 mg/kg Clinical remission defined as CDAI < 150 at week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.06, 3.02] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 10 mg/kg Clinical response defined as reduction in CDAI by 70 points at week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [1.08, 2.46] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 10 mg/kg Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 10 mg/kg Clinical remission defined as absence of any draining fistulas at ≥ 2 consecutive visits, at a median length of time of 12 weeks · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.84, 2.53] | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 10 mg/kg Clinical response defined as reduction of 50% in the number of draining fistula at ≥ 2 consecutive visits, at a median length of time of 12 weeks · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.82, 1.78] | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 10 mg/kg Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.79] | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 20 mg/kg Clinical remission at week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.06, 3.02] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5–10 mg/kg vs placebo Clinical response defined as improvement in the scores on the CDAI score ≥ 70 at week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.09 [1.63, 10.25] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 20 mg/kg Clinical response as defined by the studies week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.91, 1.76] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 20 mg/kg Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab 10 mg/kg vs infliximab 20 mg/kg Clinical remission defined as CDAI < 150 at week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.52, 1.92] | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 10 mg/kg vs infliximab 20 mg/kg Clinical response defined by reduction of CDAI score by ≥ 70 at week 4 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.49, 1.23] | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 10 mg/kg vs infliximab 20 mg/kg Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs CT‐P13 biosimilar 5 mg/kg Clinical remission defined as CDAI < 150 at week 6 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.72, 1.32] | 1 study · 220 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs CT‐P13 biosimilar 5 mg/kg Clinical response defined by reduction of CDAI score by ≥ 100 at week 6 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.79, 1.2] | 1 study · 220 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs CT‐P13 biosimilar 5 mg/kg Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.7, 2.25] | 1 study · 220 participants | Low |
Infliximab 5–10 mg/kg vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab 5–10 mg/kg vs placebo Clinical remission defined as absence of any draining fistulas at ≥ 2 consecutive visits, at a median 12 weeks · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.57 [1.38, 9.25] | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5–10 mg/kg vs placebo Clinical response defined as reduction of 50% in the number of draining fistulas at ≥ 2 consecutive visits, at a median 12 weeks · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.94 [1.1, 3.41] | 2 studies · 181 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5–10 mg/kg vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.5 [0.12, 50.54] | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg and purine analogues vs purine analogues alone Clinical remission as defined by the studies at weeks 24–26 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.59, 2.32] | 4 studies · 630 participants | Moderate |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg and purine analogues vs purine analogues alone Clinical response as defined by the studies at week 26 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [1.31, 2.05] | 2 studies · 355 participants | Moderate |
Infliximab 5 mg/kg and purine analogues vs purine analogues alone Withdrawals due to adverse events at week 26 · active Crohn's disease Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.63, 1.21] | 4 studies · 603 participants | Low |
Fecal microbiota transplantation vs control Induction of clinical remission in UC at longest · people with active UC Fecal transplantation for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.13, 2.84] | 10 studies · 468 participants | Low |
Fecal microbiota transplantation vs control Quality‐of‐life scores with use of FMT for maintenance of remission in UC · people with UC in remission Fecal transplantation for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Fecal microbiota transplantation vs control Induction of clinical remission in CD · people with active CD Fecal transplantation for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Fecal microbiota transplantation vs control Serious adverse events with use of FMT for induction of remission in CD · people with active CD Fecal transplantation for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |