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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
970 questions in 77 reviews · Epilepsy
current versionsNo studies 190 · 19.6%Ungraded 42 · 4.3%Very low 135 · 13.9%Low 289 · 29.8%Moderate 242 · 24.9%High 72 · 7.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Continuous zinc sulfate for 6 months vs placebo Recurrent seizure at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous zinc sulfate for 6 months vs placebo Recurrent seizure at 12 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.31, 1.09] | 1 study · 100 participants | High |
Continuous zinc sulfate for 6 months vs placebo Recurrent seizure at 18 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral or rectal diazepam vs placebo or no treatment Recurrent seizure at 48 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.15, 0.89] | 1 study · 110 participants | Moderate |
Continuous zinc sulfate for 6 months vs placebo Recurrent seizure at 24 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous zinc sulfate for 6 months vs placebo Recurrent seizure at 36 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous zinc sulfate for 6 months vs placebo Recurrent seizure at 48 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous zinc sulfate for 6 months vs placebo Recurrent seizure at 60 months or greater · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent rectal diclofenac vs placebo, followed by oral ibuprofen, paracetamol, or placebo after 8 hours, Recurrent seizure at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.42, 1.55] | 1 study · 231 participants | High |
Intermittent rectal diclofenac vs placebo, followed by oral ibuprofen, paracetamol, or placebo after 8 hours, Recurrent seizure at 12 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.4, 1.16] | 1 study · 231 participants | High |
Intermittent rectal diclofenac vs placebo, followed by oral ibuprofen, paracetamol, or placebo after 8 hours, Recurrent seizure at 18 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.45, 1.16] | 1 study · 231 participants | High |
Intermittent rectal diclofenac vs placebo, followed by oral ibuprofen, paracetamol, or placebo after 8 hours, Recurrent seizure at 24 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.51, 1.24] | 1 study · 231 participants | High |
Intermittent rectal diclofenac vs placebo, followed by oral ibuprofen, paracetamol, or placebo after 8 hours, Recurrent seizure at 36 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent rectal diclofenac vs placebo, followed by oral ibuprofen, paracetamol, or placebo after 8 hours, Recurrent seizure at 48 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral or rectal diazepam vs placebo or no treatment Recurrent seizure at 60 months or greater · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.08 [0, 1.31] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intermittent rectal diclofenac vs placebo, followed by oral ibuprofen, paracetamol, or placebo after 8 hours, Recurrent seizure at 60 months or greater · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous phenobarbital vs intermittent rectal or oral diazepam Recurrent seizure at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous phenobarbital vs intermittent rectal or oral diazepam Recurrent seizure at 12 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.75, 2.94] | 1 study · 145 participants | Low |
Continuous phenobarbital vs intermittent rectal or oral diazepam Recurrent seizure at 18 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.36, 4.38] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Continuous phenobarbital vs intermittent rectal or oral diazepam Recurrent seizure at 24 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous phenobarbital vs intermittent rectal or oral diazepam Recurrent seizure at 36 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous phenobarbital vs intermittent rectal or oral diazepam Recurrent seizure at 48 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous phenobarbital vs intermittent rectal or oral diazepam Recurrent seizure at 60 months or greater · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent rectal diazepam vs intermittent rectal valproate Recurrent seizure at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.58, 3.47] | 1 study · 169 participants | Very low |
Intermittent rectal diazepam vs intermittent rectal valproate Recurrent seizure at 12 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.82, 2.67] | 1 study · 169 participants | Low |
Continuous phenobarbital vs placebo or no treatment Recurrent seizure at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.42, 0.83] | 6 studies · 833 participants | Moderate |
Intermittent rectal diazepam vs intermittent rectal valproate Recurrent seizure at 18 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent rectal diazepam vs intermittent rectal valproate Recurrent seizure at 24 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent rectal diazepam vs intermittent rectal valproate Recurrent seizure at 36 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent rectal diazepam vs intermittent rectal valproate Recurrent seizure at 48 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent rectal diazepam vs intermittent rectal valproate Recurrent seizure at 60 months or greater · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral diazepam vs intermittent oral clobazam Recurrent seizure at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral diazepam vs intermittent oral clobazam Recurrent seizure at 12 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.28 [0.62, 8.42] | 2 studies · 143 participants | Low |
Intermittent oral diazepam vs intermittent oral clobazam Recurrent seizure at 18 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral diazepam vs intermittent oral clobazam Recurrent seizure at 24 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral diazepam vs intermittent oral clobazam Recurrent seizure at 36 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous phenobarbital vs placebo or no treatment Recurrent seizure at 12 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.42, 0.7] | 7 studies · 807 participants | Low |
Intermittent oral diazepam vs intermittent oral clobazam Recurrent seizure at 48 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral diazepam vs intermittent oral clobazam Recurrent seizure at 60 months or greater · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral melatonin vs intermittent oral diazepam Recurrent seizures at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intermittent oral melatonin vs intermittent oral diazepam Recurrent seizures at 12 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral melatonin vs intermittent oral diazepam Recurrent seizures at 18 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral melatonin vs intermittent oral diazepam Recurrent seizures at 24 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral melatonin vs intermittent oral diazepam Recurrent seizures at 36 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral melatonin vs intermittent oral diazepam Recurrent seizures at 48 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral melatonin vs intermittent oral diazepam Recurrent seizures at 60 months or greater · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intermittent oral levetiracetam vs placebo (any antipyretics) Recurrent seizures at 6 months · children with febrile seizures Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ethosuximide vs valproate Seizure freedom at 12 months · absence seizures in children and adolescents Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 365 participants | Moderate |
Ethosuximide vs lamotrigine 80% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ‐ not reported · absence seizures in children and adolescents Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ethosuximide vs lamotrigine 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ‐ not reported · absence seizures in children and adolescents Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |