Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Finding 9. Healthcare providers highlighted the importance of personalising the service to each patient’s needs and resources at home. Factors that influence the provision of home‐based rehabilitation services for people needing… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Finding 10. Patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and other stakeholders described how telerehabilitation changed the nature of the patient‐provider relationship. This included overcoming physical barriers to communication and enabling quick ... Factors that influence the provision of home‐based rehabilitation services for people needing… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Finding 11. Healthcare providers and patients described some aspects of telerehabilitation services at home as challenging. Healthcare providers described problems in assessing patients, their environment, and whether they were performing exercise... Factors that influence the provision of home‐based rehabilitation services for people needing… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Finding 12. Patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and other stakeholders regarded telerehabilitation as an opportunity to make rehabilitation services more accessible. Factors that influence the provision of home‐based rehabilitation services for people needing… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Anthropometric recovery: percentage of children who recover from moderate or severe wasting Defined as % children aged 6–59 months who recovered in treatment programmes for moderate or severe malnutrition (Wroe 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Relapse Defined as MUAC < 115 mm within 2 months after recovery (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.69, 1.54] | 1 study · 649 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Deterioration to severe wasting · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Transfer to inpatient care Defined as referral for complications such as fever, pneumonia, anorexia or dehydration (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.71 [0.36, 38.23] | 1 study · 829 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality among children with severe wasting · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.04, 5.98] | 1 study · 829 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Appropriate identification of children with wasting · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Appropriate identification of children with oedema · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Appropriate referral of children with moderate or severe wasting · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Treatment coverage · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Caregiver adherence to care plans · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Default from care Defined as absence on 2 consecutive visits (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.65, 3.4] | 1 study · 829 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Anthropometric recovery: improvement from severe wasting Defined as MUAC ≥ 115 mm, clinically well, absence of oedema for 2 consecutive visits, and minimum stay of 8 weeks in the programme (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.86, 0.99] | 1 study · 789 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects and other harms · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Anthropometric recovery Defined as: WHZ ≥ −1.5 or MUAC > 125 mm for 2 consecutive visits and absence of nutritional oedema for 14 days (Alvarez Moran 2018b); absence of oedema and WHZ ≥ −1.5 or MUAC > 125 mm (Charle‐Cuellar 2021c; no oedema and we... · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [1, 1.11] | 5 studies · 6688 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Non‐response to treatment Defined as: not achieving weight‐for‐height > 85% of ideal or relapse requiring inpatient treatment (Linneman 2007)a; persistent oedema at 21 days or no weight gain in 2 consecutive visits (Ogobara Dougnon 2021)d; not mee... · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.93, 1.78] | 3 studies · 3807 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Sustained recovery · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: total MUAC gain Defined as MUAC at discharge − MUAC on admission among children with no oedema and discharged as cured (Charle‐Cuellar 2021)c · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 532 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: MUAC gain per day Defined as (discharge MUAC − admission MUAC)/days in treatment among children with no oedema and discharged as cured (Charle‐Cuellar 2021)c · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 531 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: total weight gain (g/kg) Defined as (weight at discharge − weight on admission)/weight on admission among children with no oedema and discharged as cured (Charle‐Cuellar 2021)c · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 517 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: mean weight gain per day (g/kg/d) Defined as ((discharge weight − admission weight)/admission weight)/days in treatment (Wilunda 2021)e · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 343 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: median weight gain per day (g/kg/d) Defined as ((discharge weight − admission weight)/weight on admission)/days on treatment among children with no oedema and discharged as cured (Charle‐Cuellar 2021)c · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 517 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Relapse · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Non‐response to treatment Defined as not meeting the criteria for recovery within 4 months Hussain 2021 · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.04, 2.01] | 1 study · 789 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Deterioration to severe wasting · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Transfer to inpatient care Defined as referral for: presence of danger signs and failed appetite test on first day of treatment (Alvarez Moran 2018)b; appearance of severe signs of illness, persistent oedema, absence of weight gain in non‐oedemato... · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 [1.04, 1.95] | 4 studies · 4739 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality among children with wasting · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.56, 1.44] | 5 studies · 6688 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Appropriate identification of children with wasting · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Appropriate identification of children with oedema · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Appropriate referral of children with moderate or severe wasting · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Treatment coverage Defined as proportion of children with SAM who receive treatment (number of children treated from baseline to endline; Wilunda 2021)e · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.94 [1.62, 2.32] | 1 study · 445 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Caregiver adherence to care plans · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Default from care Defined as: absence on 2 · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.4, 0.82] | 5 studies · 6688 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects and other harms · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Sustained recovery · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: number of children with normal or underweight WHZ on discharge Defined as WHZ > −2 (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.28, 3.18] | 1 study · 789 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: number of children with WHZ in moderate wasting range on discharge Defined as WHZ between −3 and −2 (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.87, 1.36] | 1 study · 789 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: number of children with WHZ in severe wasting range on discharge Defined as WHZ < −3: Hussain 2021 · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.75, 2.04] | 1 study · 789 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: number of children with MUAC ≥ 115 mm on discharge (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.06] | 1 study · 789 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Anthropometric outcomes: weight gain per day (g/kg/day) Calculated as ((discharge weight − admission weight)/weight on admission)/days in treatment among recovered children (Hussain 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 571 participants | High |
Intervention NR Hospital length of stay · patients admitted to hospital with a medical condition (27 trials), with a mix of medical and surgical conditions (4… Discharge planning from hospital (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 2113 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Unscheduled readmission · patients admitted to hospital with a medical condition (27 trials), with a mix of medical and surgical conditions (4… Discharge planning from hospital (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.81, 0.97] | 17 studies · 5126 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Patient health status · patients admitted to hospital with a medical condition (27 trials), with a mix of medical and surgical conditions (4… Discharge planning from hospital (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Satisfaction of patients, care givers and healthcare professionals · patients admitted to hospital with a medical condition (27 trials), with a mix of medical and surgical conditions (4… Discharge planning from hospital (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 756 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Healthcare resource use and costs · patients admitted to hospital with a medical condition (27 trials), with a mix of medical and surgical conditions (4… Discharge planning from hospital (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1994 | 11 studies · 5220 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Drug use · People entitled to the drug insurance scheme (elderly and/or poor population) Pharmaceutical policies: effects of regulating drug insurance schemes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Drug expenditure · People entitled to the drug insurance scheme (elderly and/or poor population) Pharmaceutical policies: effects of regulating drug insurance schemes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |