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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

731 questions in 61 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

current versions

No studies 57 · 7.8%Ungraded 39 · 5.3%Very low 186 · 25.4%Low 239 · 32.7%Moderate 171 · 23.4%High 39 · 5.3%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions Alcohol‐related consequences · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions Alcohol addiction severity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs a different type of TSF Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.28 [1, 1.63]	1 study · 307 participants	Moderate
Baclofen vs placebo AW seizures · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs diazepam AW seizures · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs diazepam AW delirium · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs diazepam AW symptoms (CIWA‐Ar score) · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 85 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs diazepam Global improvement · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs diazepam Craving · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs diazepam AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	RD 0	1 study · 37 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs diazepam Severe AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs diazepam Dropouts · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	RD 0	1 study · 37 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs diazepam Dropouts due to AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	RD 0	1 study · 37 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide AW seizures · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs placebo AW delirium · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide AW delirium · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide AW symptoms (CIWA‐Ar score) · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	MD 1 [0.7, 1.3]	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide Global improvement · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	MD 0.1	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide Craving · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.5 [0.88, 7.1]	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide Severe AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide Dropouts · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	RD 0	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs chlordiazepoxide Dropouts due to AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	RD 0	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs placebo AW symptoms (CIWA‐Ar score) · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 31 participants	Very low
Baclofen vs placebo Global improvement · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs placebo Craving · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs placebo AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs placebo Severe AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs placebo Dropouts · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Baclofen vs placebo Dropouts due to AEs · people with alcohol withdrawal Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo Participants abstinent at end of treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.98 [0.64, 1.52]	3 studies · 305 participants	Moderate
Mixed action antidepressant vs placebo Participants experiencing adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.55, 1.55]	1 study · 76 participants	Low
Mixed action antidepressant vs placebo Participants withdrawn due to adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.44 [0.11, 18.9]	2 studies · 179 participants	Low
Mixed action antidepressant vs placebo Completion of scheduled treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.71, 1.21]	2 studies · 169 participants	Low
Anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers vs placebo Participants abstinent at end of treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.14 [0.64, 2.04]	2 studies · 48 participants	Very low
Anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers vs placebo Participants withdrawn due to adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 3.67 [0.41, 32.69]	2 studies · 116 participants	Very low
Anticonvulsants and mood stabilisers vs placebo Completion of scheduled treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.66 [0.47, 0.92]	3 studies · 141 participants	Low
Buspirone vs placebo Participants abstinent at end of treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.98 [0.62, 6.33]	1 study · 175 participants	Low
Buspirone vs placebo Participants experiencing adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.14 [1, 1.29]	2 studies · 225 participants	Low
Buspirone vs placebo Participants withdrawn due to adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.63 [0.15, 2.6]	2 studies · 225 participants	Low
Buspirone vs placebo Completion of scheduled treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.74, 1.23]	2 studies · 225 participants	Low
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo Participants experiencing adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.17]	3 studies · 318 participants	Moderate
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Participants abstinent at end of treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.89 [0.59, 1.35]	1 study · 302 participants	Low
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Participants experiencing adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.94 [0.71, 1.23]	2 studies · 418 participants	Moderate
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Participants withdrawn due to adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.12, 72.15]	1 study · 116 participants	Low
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Completion of scheduled treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.06 [0.93, 1.21]	2 studies · 418 participants	Moderate
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo Participants withdrawn due to adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.72 [0.51, 14.59]	3 studies · 318 participants	Low
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo Completion of scheduled treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.1 [0.88, 1.37]	4 studies · 369 participants	Low
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant vs placebo Participants abstinent at end of treatment · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.73 [0.61, 4.89]	2 studies · 128 participants	Low
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant vs placebo Participants experiencing adverse effects · cannabis dependence Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.57, 1.02]	1 study · 76 participants	Very low