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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
n3PUFAs vs placebo Quality of lifeValidated quality of life scales as used by authors, CGI (7‐point scale) where possible, higher scores indicate poorer quality of life · Adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 476 participants | Very low |
n3PUFAs vs placebo Trial non‐completionStudy reports · Adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.7, 1.22] | 29 studies · 1777 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) or similar (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.25 [0.84, 5.99] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Cell signal transducers vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.57, 3.11] | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Cell signal transducers vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Cell signal transducers vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Glutamate modulators vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.5 [1.34, 9.17] | 1 study · 50 participants | Moderate |
Glutamate modulators vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Moderate |
Glutamate modulators vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Glutamate modulators vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · children and adolescents with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.37, 3.77] | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
Glutamate modulators vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · children and adolescents with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
Glutamate modulators vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventscDropout rate · children and adolescents with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.86 [0.12, 66.11] | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) & NIMH Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH‐TSS) (no. of responders as > 50% reduction) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.14 [0.25, 18.17] | 2 studies · 68 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Low |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse events · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SSRIs vs placebo Treatment response · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SSRIs vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityaMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) mean change score · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
SSRIs vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventseDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.33, 27.62] | 2 studies · 78 participants | Low |
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CG‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 5.73 [0.36, 90.83] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityNIMH Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH‐TSS) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsdDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 4.45 [0.27, 73.81] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs other TCAs Treatment responseaPhysician‐rated Clinical Progress Scale · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs other TCAs Reduction of TTM symptom severityNIMH Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH‐TSS) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Antioxidants vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs other TCAs Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Antioxidants vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) or similar (no. of responders) · children with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.28, 14.2] | 1 study · 8 participants | Low |
Antioxidants vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · children with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Low |
Antioxidants vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · children with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Low |
Antipsychotics vs placebo Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | RR 5.08 [1.4, 18.37] | 1 study · 25 participants | Low |
Antipsychotics vs placebo Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Low |
Antipsychotics vs placebo Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs placebo Response (> 50% improvement on 29‐item HAM‐D SIGH‐SAD) · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.92, 2.83] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Fluoxetine vs light therapy Remission (response plus end score 8 or less) · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.39, 1.71] | 2 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Fluoxetine vs light therapy Time to onset of response · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluoxetine vs light therapy Adverse events (at least 1 treatment‐emergent adverse event) · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.78, 1.22] | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs placebo Clinical Global Impression – Improvement score · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluoxetine vs placebo Quality of life · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluoxetine vs placebo Remission · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluoxetine vs placebo Speed of onset of response · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluoxetine vs placebo Overall adverse events 5 weeks · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.95, 1.21] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Fluoxetine vs light therapy Response (> 50% improvement on 24‐item HAM‐D SIGH‐SAD) · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.77, 1.24] | 2 studies · 136 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs light therapy Clinical Global Impression – Improvement score · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluoxetine vs light therapy Quality of life (SF‐20 and Q‐LES‐Q) · adults with seasonal affective disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
Psychological interventions vs treatment Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.2, 0.95] | 1 study · 194 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo Incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.44 [0.08, 2.46] | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo Incidence of depression ‐ medium‐term: 6‐12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.81 [0.23, 2.82] | 3 studies · 233 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo Incidence of depression ‐ long‐term: >12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo tolerability ‐ total number of adverse events · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 5 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.05 [1.07, 3.89] | 5 studies · 561 participants | Very low |