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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

current versions
No studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
n3PUFAs vs placebo
Quality of lifeValidated quality of life scales as used by authors, CGI (7‐point scale) where possible, higher scores indicate poorer quality of life · Adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)
Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted12 studies · 476 participantsVery low
n3PUFAs vs placebo
Trial non‐completionStudy reports · Adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)
Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults (2021) · Cochrane
OR 0.92 [0.7, 1.22]29 studies · 1777 participantsVery low
Antioxidants vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) or similar (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 2.25 [0.84, 5.99]1 study · 36 participantsLow
Cell signal transducers vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.33 [0.57, 3.11]1 study · 38 participantsLow
Cell signal transducers vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 38 participantsLow
Cell signal transducers vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 38 participantsLow
Glutamate modulators vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 3.5 [1.34, 9.17]1 study · 50 participantsModerate
Glutamate modulators vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsModerate
Glutamate modulators vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsLow
Glutamate modulators vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · children and adolescents with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.19 [0.37, 3.77]1 study · 39 participantsLow
Glutamate modulators vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · children and adolescents with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 39 participantsLow
Glutamate modulators vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventscDropout rate · children and adolescents with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 2.86 [0.12, 66.11]1 study · 39 participantsLow
Opioid antagonists vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) & NIMH Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH‐TSS) (no. of responders as > 50% reduction) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 2.14 [0.25, 18.17]2 studies · 68 participantsVery low
Antioxidants vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 27 participantsLow
Opioid antagonists vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 51 participantsLow
Opioid antagonists vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse events · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
SSRIs vs placebo
Treatment response · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
SSRIs vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityaMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) mean change score · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 31 participantsVery low
SSRIs vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventseDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 3 [0.33, 27.62]2 studies · 78 participantsLow
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CG‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 5.73 [0.36, 90.83]1 study · 16 participantsVery low
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityNIMH Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH‐TSS) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsVery low
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsdDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 4.45 [0.27, 73.81]1 study · 16 participantsVery low
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs other TCAs
Treatment responseaPhysician‐rated Clinical Progress Scale · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 26 participantsLow
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs other TCAs
Reduction of TTM symptom severityNIMH Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH‐TSS) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 26 participantsLow
Antioxidants vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 18 participantsLow
TCAs with predominantly SRI actions vs other TCAs
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 26 participantsLow
Antioxidants vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) or similar (no. of responders) · children with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 2 [0.28, 14.2]1 study · 8 participantsLow
Antioxidants vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · children with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 6 participantsLow
Antioxidants vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · children with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 6 participantsLow
Antipsychotics vs placebo
Treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale (CGI‐I) (no. of responders) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
RR 5.08 [1.4, 18.37]1 study · 25 participantsLow
Antipsychotics vs placebo
Reduction of TTM symptom severityMassachusetts General Hospital Hair‐Pulling Scale (MGH‐HPS) · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 25 participantsLow
Antipsychotics vs placebo
Tolerability of treatment ‐ dropouts due to adverse eventsDropout rate · adults with trichotillomania
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 25 participantsLow
Fluoxetine vs placebo
Response (> 50% improvement on 29‐item HAM‐D SIGH‐SAD) · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.62 [0.92, 2.83]1 study · 68 participantsVery low
Fluoxetine vs light therapy
Remission (response plus end score 8 or less) · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.81 [0.39, 1.71]2 studies · 136 participantsVery low
Fluoxetine vs light therapy
Time to onset of response · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fluoxetine vs light therapy
Adverse events (at least 1 treatment‐emergent adverse event) · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.97 [0.78, 1.22]1 study · 96 participantsLow
Fluoxetine vs placebo
Clinical Global Impression – Improvement score · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fluoxetine vs placebo
Quality of life · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fluoxetine vs placebo
Remission · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fluoxetine vs placebo
Speed of onset of response · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fluoxetine vs placebo
Overall adverse events 5 weeks · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.07 [0.95, 1.21]1 study · 68 participantsVery low
Fluoxetine vs light therapy
Response (> 50% improvement on 24‐item HAM‐D SIGH‐SAD) · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.98 [0.77, 1.24]2 studies · 136 participantsLow
Fluoxetine vs light therapy
Clinical Global Impression – Improvement score · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fluoxetine vs light therapy
Quality of life (SF‐20 and Q‐LES‐Q) · adults with seasonal affective disorder
Second‐generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 96 participantsLow
Psychological interventions vs treatment
Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane
OR 0.43 [0.2, 0.95]1 study · 194 participantsVery low
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo
Incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane
OR 0.44 [0.08, 2.46]1 study · 23 participantsVery low
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo
Incidence of depression ‐ medium‐term: 6‐12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane
OR 0.81 [0.23, 2.82]3 studies · 233 participantsVery low
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo
Incidence of depression ‐ long‐term: >12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo
tolerability ‐ total number of adverse events · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted5 studies · 5 participantsVery low
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo
acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane
OR 2.05 [1.07, 3.89]5 studies · 561 participantsVery low