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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
759 questions in 57 reviews · Colorectal
current versionsNo studies 91 · 12%Ungraded 12 · 1.6%Very low 209 · 27.5%Low 229 · 30.2%Moderate 160 · 21.1%High 58 · 7.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 3 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 92 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable sutures Seroma (7 days) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.25, 1.68] | 1 study · 106 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable sutures Mesh infection (postoperative not specified) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Recurrence (2 years) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 1 day) · People needing incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Early postoperative pain · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Absorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 3 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 6 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Absorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Health‐related quality of life · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Absorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Seroma (1 week) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.24, 2.08] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Recurrence (3 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 185 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Recurrence (2 years) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.82] | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, at rest, 4 hours) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, coughing, 4 hours) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, at rest, 3 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Absorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 100, 2 days) · People needing incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, coughing, 3 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 100, 3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 116 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Health‐related quality of life · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Seroma (3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks only Recurrence (3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.07, 16.72] | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks only Early postoperative pain · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks only Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 100, 3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks only Health‐related quality of life · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks only Seroma (3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.21 [0.13, 77.22] | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks only Haematoma (3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.23, 5.09] | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 2 weeks) · People needing incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Recurrence (3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.12, 72.1] | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 100, 3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Health‐related quality of life · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Seroma (3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.12, 72.1] | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures Haematoma (3 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.32, 27.97] | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Recurrence (1 year) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 88 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 100, 2 days) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 50 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Pain (up to 1 year) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Health‐related quality of life (up to 1 year) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Seroma (30 days) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.54, 1.61] | 2 studies · 88 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable sutures Recurrence (6 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.07, 14.79] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Haematoma (30 days) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.19, 2.91] | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Superficial infection (30 days) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.52, 1.74] | 2 studies · 88 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Recurrence (1 year) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 70.3] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Absorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 100, 2 days) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Absorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Pain (up to 1 year) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Absorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Health‐related quality of life (up to 1 year) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Absorbable tacks vs fibrin sealant Infection (1 month) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.07, 15.12] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable sutures Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 1 week) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 6 to 12 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable sutures Health‐related quality of life · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Absorbable tacks vs absorbable sutures Recurrence (1 year) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral herniorrhaphy… Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.56, 1.33] | 5 studies · 1865 participants | Very low |