Instrumental vaginal birth · women in established labour and their babies.
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal morbidity · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Any pharmacological or non‐pharmacological analgesia use excluding epidural · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Mobility or restriction during labour · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Postnatal depression · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal special care unit or intensive care unit · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)
Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models showed no clear difference in admission to special care nursery/neonatal intensive care unit compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Transfer to neonatal intensive care unit ‐ not reported · Pregnant women at low risk of complications
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus
Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with low‐dose vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus
Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus
Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included)
The intervention may leads to lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to the intensive care unit ‐ not reported · the woman
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes admission to neonatal intensive care unit№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.32 [0.47, 3.73]
Studies not reported
Very low
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · fetal malposition in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Serious neonatal morbidity (composite outcome defined as death, admission to neonatal intensive care, neonatal encephalopathy, or as defined by trialists) · fetal malposition in labour
It is very uncertain whether lateral postures changes serious neonatal morbidity (composite outcome defined as death,… compared with other postures (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · fetal malposition in labour
It is very uncertain whether lateral postures changes admission to neonatal intensive care compared with other postures (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious neonatal morbidity (composite outcome defined as death, admission to neonatal intensive care, neonatal encephalopathy, or as defined by trialists) · fetal malposition in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · preventing gestational diabetes
Probiotics leads to higher hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.
Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unit compared with vaginal dinoprostone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review