Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

154 questions · 161 findings · 16 reviews · Oral and maxillofacial surgery

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No studies found 45 · 28%GRADE not reported 87 · 54%Very low 19 · 11.8%Low 5 · 3.1%Moderate 5 · 3.1%High 0 · 0%

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Patient-reported altered sensation (spontaneous or evoked: anaesthesia/paraesthesia/dysaesthesia/hyperalgesia/allodynia) · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

It is very uncertain whether low-level laser therapy (photon-plus GaAlAs diode laser; 70 mW… changes patient-reported altered sensation (spontaneous or evoked:… compared with placebo (sham) laser therapy (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
Lip
MD 21.79 [5.29, 38.29]
1 study · 13 participants
Very low
Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
Chin
MD 8.40 [3.67, 13.13]
1 study · 13 participants
Very low

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Somatosensory evoked potentials · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
Results: 'No studies reported on ... somatosensory evoked potentials ...'. Not reported by the included trials.
0 studies
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Difficulty speaking · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF row 'Difficulty speaking': This outcome was not reported in the included studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Difficulty eating · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF row 'Difficulty eating': This outcome was not reported in the included studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Mechanosensory perception (load in grams to elicit sensation; Semmes Weinstein monofilaments) · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

Low-level laser therapy (photon-plus GaAlAs diode laser; 70 mW… led to higher mechanosensory perception (load in grams to elicit sensation; Semmes… compared with placebo (sham) laser therapy; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 1.07 [0.17, 1.97]
2 studies · 26 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Quality of life · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
Results: 'No studies reported on quality of life ...'. Not reported by the included laser trials.
0 studies
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Adverse events · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF row 'Adverse events': This outcome was not reported in the included studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Pain · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF row 'Pain': This outcome was not reported in the included studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Taste · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF row 'Taste': This outcome was not reported in the included studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Thermosensory (thermal) perception · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

Low-level laser therapy (photon-plus GaAlAs diode laser; 70 mW… showed no clear difference in thermosensory (thermal) perception compared with placebo (sham) laser therapy; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 1.79 [-2.04, 5.62]
2 studies · 25 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy

Patient satisfaction · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual nerve

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
Results: no included study reported quality of life or patient satisfaction. In PUB2 patient satisfaction is merged with quality of life as 'quality of life/patient satisfaction'.
0 studies
No studies found

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate vs placebo

Pain on TMJ palpation (ordinal scale) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate showed no clear difference in pain on TMJ palpation (ordinal scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 months
MD -0.30 [-3.09, 2.49]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Topical capsaicin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 weeks
Three participants from the topical capsaicin group withdrew from the study by Winocur et al 2000 due to the severity of the burning sensation and redness.
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Patient quality of life · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
At least 6 months after the intervention
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 weeks
Four of the participants withdrew from the study by Kimos et al 2007 due to adverse effects, but neither the type of adverse effect nor the trial group was specified.
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Adverse effects on oral health · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
At least 6 months after the intervention
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found

Oral diazepam vs placebo

Adverse events (reported; mild, no withdrawals) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
15 days
Roldan et al 1990 (diazepam) reported adverse effects. Per the review's Adverse effects of interventions section: 'All but one study (Lobo et al 2004) reported adverse effects. Most of the reported adverse effects were…
1 study · 41 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral propranolol vs placebo

Change in pain index · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral propranolol (beta-blocker) showed no clear difference in change in pain index compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 week per period (cross-over)
Tchivileva et al 2010: statistically significant difference in reduction in pain index between the propranolol treatment period and the placebo treatment period (P = 0.02).
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral diclofenac sodium (NSAID) vs placebo

Adverse events (reported; mild, no withdrawals) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 weeks
Ekberg et al 1996 (diclofenac) reported adverse effects. Per the review's Adverse effects of interventions section: 'All but one study (Lobo et al 2004) reported adverse effects. Most of the reported adverse effects…
1 study · 32 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Participants' assessment of improvement of pain in right TMJ (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in participants' assessment of improvement of pain in right TMJ (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
60 days
MD -0.74 [-3.14, 1.66]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported