Direct adverse events (reoperation): we report reoperation for removal of implant as this is the most clinically relevant. Other adverse events with data included: loss of fixation, superficial infection, deep infection, haematoma formation, impla... · adults with fractures of the distal femur
It is very uncertain whether retrograde intramedullary nail (RIMN) changes direct adverse events (reoperation): we report reoperation for… compared with locking plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09]
Studies not reported
Very low
Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced supracondylar elbow fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Modified Activities Scale for Kids‐performance (ASKp) score (0 to 100%: best outcome) at 4 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa
1 finding from 1 review
Return to normal activities (days) · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
'Treatment failure': secondary procedures such as remanipulation for early loss of position (only data for this used here); and change in treatment ( · children with either displaced distal radius fracture with intact or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture), or minimally displaced…
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Below‐elbow changes 'Treatment failure': secondary procedures such as remanipulation for… compared with above‐elbow cast (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Return to normal activities (days) · children with either displaced distal radius fracture with intact or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture), or minimally displaced…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral for physical therapy for range of motion limitation (post‐immobilisation after 4 weeks) · children with either displaced distal radius fracture with intact or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture), or minimally displaced…
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Below‐elbow changes minor complications.,j,k Here represented by Referral for physical… compared with above‐elbow cast (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
'Treatment failure': various secondary procedures such as remanipulation for early loss of position; early or more complex wire removal ( · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes 'Treatment failure': various secondary procedures such as… compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Return to normal activities (days) · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral for physical therapy for range of motion limitation (post‐immobilisation after 4 weeks) · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral… compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Return to normal activities (days) · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Return to normal activities (days) · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Participant satisfaction: child and/or parent preference for same device in future (3 to 6 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Failure: continued failure after second attempt using same procedure as before · Children with pulled elbow1
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes failure: continued failure after second attempt using same procedure… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (Number of participants who have undergone or are being considered for a surgical intervention) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Modified Activities Scale for Kids‐performance (ASKp) score (0 to 100%: best outcome) at 4 weeks · children with acute 'low risk' (undisplaced) ankle fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Function (overall) Various tools · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
Intramedullary fixation may leads to higher function or disability (overall) Various tools (Constant score and… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy for adverse outcomes (e.g. non‐union, malunion or infection) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ heterotopic ossification (bone formation) · adults with olecranon fractures
It is very uncertain whether plate fixation changes adverse events ‐ heterotopic ossification (bone formation) compared with tension band wiring (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review