Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

217 questions · 227 findings · 49 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 5 · 2.2%GRADE not reported 12 · 5.3%Very low 105 · 46.3%Low 46 · 20.3%Moderate 57 · 25.1%High 2 · 0.9%

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Mental state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Quality of Life Manchester Short Assessment (MANSA) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 140 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Global state: Response ‐ proxy outcome ‐ mental state: 1. General ‐ average score (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale by over 24 weeks · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

QoL · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐126) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

QoL · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Global state: Response ‐ proxy outcome ‐ mental state: 1. General ‐ average score (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale by over 24 weeks · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Quality of life QLS · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐126) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Quality of life QLS · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Cognitive training vs active control

Mental state: psychosis risk symptoms SOPS total (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐114) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Very low

Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care

Mental state: specific ‐ psychosis risk, positive symptoms Average total score, SOPS positive (higher score = worse, scale from 0‐30) Short‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Group C other: integrated treatment vs usual care

Mental state SANS total (higher score = worse, scale from 0‐130) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 57 participants
Very low

Switch to another antipsychotic vs antipsychotic cessation

Mental state · psychiatric patients (schizophrenia) with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

1 finding from 1 review

Antipsychotic reduction and/or cessation and antipsychotics as specific treatments for tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Social functioning · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 295 participants
Very low

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Quality of life: 1. General quality of life · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

Social functioning · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care plus other psychosocial treatments for people… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 65 participants
Very low

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

QoL · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care plus other psychosocial treatments for people… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Mental state: significant response or improvement in negative symptoms (PANSS negative subscale, high = worse) ‐ short term (12 weeks) · adults with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors changes mental state: significant response or improvement in negative… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.17 [1.52, 6.58]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS positive subscore · adults with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 294 participants
Low