Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

147 questions · 168 findings · 12 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 42 · 25%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.2%Very low 89 · 53%Low 22 · 13.1%Moderate 8 · 4.8%High 5 · 3%

Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery

Adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

It is very uncertain whether active exercise regimen changes adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery compared with an immobilisation regimen following surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery

Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (long term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…
1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee function (short term) compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Kujala patellofemoral disorders score Scale from: 0 to 100 (higher scores = better function) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…
1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants vs placebo

Muscle soreness · mainly physically active individuals1 partaking in exercise2 designed to produce delayed onset muscle soreness

Summary of findings: antioxidants showed no clear difference in muscle soreness compared with placebo (low certainty).

5 findings from 1 review
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High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review