Hospital admissions · patients with acute asthma
ICS showed no clear difference in hospital admission compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Annual Exacerbation Rates · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Change in quality of life: SGRQ Scale: 0 to 100 · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Summary of findings table ‐ ICS showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Summary of findings table ‐ ICS may leads to higher pneumonia compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oropharyngeal candidiasis · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Summary of findings table ‐ ICS probably leads to higher oropharyngeal candidiasis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Outcomes (weighted · stable COPD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) · stable COPD
Triple therapy may leads to lower moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe exacerbations (rate) · stable COPD
Triple therapy may leads to lower severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline (lower scores indicate better HRQoL) · stable COPD
Triple therapy leads to higher respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) · stable COPD
Triple therapy probably leads to higher pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SAEs · stable COPD
Triple therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause SAEs compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Symptoms of dyspnoea · stable COPD
Triple therapy probably leads to higher symptom score TDI, ≥ 1‐unit increase (lower scores indicate worse… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in baseline trough FEV1 · stable COPD
Triple therapy may leads to higher lung function, change in trough FEV1 (mL) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality (all‐cause) · stable COPD
Triple therapy may leads to lower mortality (all‐cause) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total studies: 17 RCTs Total participants: 22,819 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
LD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 0 RCTs; 0 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 679 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 12 RCTs; 7569 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…
1 finding from 1 review