Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

441 questions · 461 findings · 48 reviews

No studies found 76 · 16.5%GRADE not reported 94 · 20.4%Very low 82 · 17.8%Low 119 · 25.8%Moderate 73 · 15.8%High 17 · 3.7%

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in severe maternal morbidity and mortality index compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review