Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

131 questions · 131 findings · 10 reviews

No studies found 22 · 16.8%GRADE not reported 9 · 6.9%Very low 22 · 16.8%Low 37 · 28.2%Moderate 29 · 22.1%High 12 · 9.2%

Intervention not reported

Admission to hospital or death up to day 45 · non‐hospitalised adults with mild COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes admission to hospital or death up to day 45 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Total mortality · adults with hypertension (patients with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pre‐eclampsia or pulmonary hypertension were…

Aspirin showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Cardiovascular mortality · adults with hypertension (patients with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pre‐eclampsia or pulmonary hypertension were…

Aspirin showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Non‐fatal cardiovascular events · adults with hypertension (patients with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pre‐eclampsia or pulmonary hypertension were…

Aspirin may leads to lower non‐fatal cardiovascular events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Major bleedinga · adults with hypertension (patients with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pre‐eclampsia or pulmonary hypertension were…

Aspirin leads to higher major bleedinga compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Cardiovascular events · adults with hypertension (patients with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pre‐eclampsia or pulmonary hypertension were…

Aspirin may leads to lower all cardiovascular events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Thromboembolic events · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in any thromboembolic event compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Total mortalitya · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortalitya compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Any bleedingb · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in any bleedingb compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Total mortalitya · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortalitya compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in clinically relevant non‐major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Thromboembolic events · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in any thromboembolic event compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proteinuric pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women considered to be at risk of developing pre‐eclampsia

The intervention leads to lower proteinuric pre‐eclampsia (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review