What do systematic reviews say?

Intermittent vs any daily iron supplementation

Intermittent may leads to higher anaemia (haemoglobin below a cut‐off defined by trialists, taking… compared with daily use of iron supplements (low certainty).

• Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [1.04, 1.47]
  6 studies · 980 participants
  Low

Hypnosis combined with a sedative agent vs Sedation alone (sedative agent only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hypnosis for children undergoing dental treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing hypnosis combined with sedation versus sedation alone met the inclusion criteria; this planned comparison had no eligible studies.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract vs porcine lung lavage surfactant

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Topical corticosteroids vs Another topical agent or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Topical thalidomide vs Another topical agent or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Engagement of community leaders probably leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.96 [1.61, 2.39]
  1 study · 1227 participants
  Moderate

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

Case management for integrated care showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care of older people living with frailty (low certainty).

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.15]
  14 studies · 9924 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

Case management for integrated care showed no clear difference in change in place of residence to a nursing or residential home compared with usual care of older people living with frailty (low certainty).

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.01]
  4 studies · 1108 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 9284 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 592 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 10652 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

Case management for integrated care showed no clear difference in change in healthcare utilisation (hospital admissions) compared with usual care of older people living with frailty (moderate certainty).

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.79, 1.05]
  5 studies · 2424 participants
  Moderate

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 8486 participants
  Moderate

Gentamicin‐impregnated collagen sponge vs no dressing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal pilonidal… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy vs usual care

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy showed no clear difference in mortality compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.87 [0.68, 1.1]
  1 study · 5090 participants
  Low

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy vs usual care

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy showed no clear difference in nutritional status compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.94 [0.84, 1.06]
  2 studies · 5242 participants
  Low