What do systematic reviews say?

Acupuncture vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs Placebo / sham solution

Electrical stimulation probably leads to higher participants cured or improved compared with placebo or sham treatment (moderate certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.26 [1.85, 2.77]
  10 studies · 677 participants
  Moderate

Electrical stimulation vs Placebo / sham solution

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with placebo or sham treatment (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.03 [0.28, 89.88]
  2 studies · 242 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs Placebo / sham solution

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 627 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs Placebo / sham solution

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with placebo or sham treatment (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.24 [0.84, 1.83]
  3 studies · 450 participants
  Low

Caffeine reduction vs control

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Very low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean change from baseline in condition‐specific quality of lifeScale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 4.41
  12 studies · 6804 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics probably leads to higher patient perception of cure or improvement compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [1.15, 1.66]
  9 studies · 8457 participants
  Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of urgency episodes per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.85
  23 studies · 16875 participants
  Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events: dry mouth compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.5 [3.26, 3.75]
  66 studies · 38368 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events:urinary retention compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.52 [2.04, 6.08]
  17 studies · 7862 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher withdrawal due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.37 [1.21, 1.56]
  61 studies · 36943 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of micturitions per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.85
  30 studies · 19395 participants
  Moderate

Any pessary vs control, waiting list or no active treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any pessary vs control, waiting list or no active treatment

• Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 27 participants
  Very low

Any pessary vs control, waiting list or no active treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any pessary vs control, waiting list or no active treatment

• Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 27 participants
  Very low

Any pessary vs control, waiting list or no active treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found