Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
3,601 questions in 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 20.2%Ungraded 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Amoxicillin vs azithromycin Microbiological cure · Pregnant women with a confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis infection Interventions for treating genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.71, 1.12] | 2 studies · 144 participants | Very low |
Amoxicillin vs erythromycin Microbiological cure · Pregnant women with a confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis infection Interventions for treating genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.93, 1.01] | 4 studies · 466 participants | High |
Azithromycin vs erythromycin Microbiological cure · Pregnant women with a confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis infection Interventions for treating genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [1, 1.23] | 6 studies · 374 participants | Moderate |
Clindamycin vs erythromycin Microbiological cure · Pregnant women with a confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis infection Interventions for treating genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.15] | 2 studies · 173 participants | Low |
Amoxicillin vs clindamycin Microbiological cure · Pregnant women with a confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis infection Interventions for treating genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.89, 1.04] | 1 study · 101 participants | Moderate |
Telemedicine vs standard care Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension and eclampsia · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.49 [0.69, 3.2] | 4 studies · 275 participants | Very low |
Telemedicine vs standard care Death or serious morbidity composite · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.68, 1.66] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Telemedicine vs standard care Neurosensory disability · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Hypoglycaemia · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.48, 2.72] | 3 studies · 198 participants | Very low |
Telemedicine vs standard care Adiposity (e.g. BMI, skinfold thickness, fat mass) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Type 2 diabetes · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic glucose monitoring Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.01, 3.49] | 1 study · 58 participants | Very low |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic glucose monitoring Caesarean section · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.61, 2.27] | 2 studies · 400 participants | Low |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic glucose monitoring Development of type 2 diabetes · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic glucose monitoring Induction of labour · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic glucose monitoring Perineal trauma · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Caesarean section · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.72, 1.53] | 5 studies · 478 participants | Very low |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic glucose monitoring Postnatal depression · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic glucose monitoring Postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic Perinatal mortality (stillbirth or neonatal death) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [0.21, 11.24] | 2 studies · 400 participants | Very low |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic Large‐for‐gestational age · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.5, 1.37] | 2 studies · 400 participants | Low |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic Death or serious morbidity composite · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic Neurosensory disability · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic Hypoglycaemia · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.39, 1.06] | 2 studies · 391 participants | Low |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic Adiposity (e.g. BMI, skinfold thickness, fat mass) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐monitoring vs periodic Type 2 diabetes · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Development of type 2 diabetes · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Caesarean section · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.68, 1.2] | 2 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Development of type 2 diabetes · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Induction of labour · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Perineal trauma · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Postnatal depression · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Perinatal mortality (stillbirth or neonatal death) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Large‐for‐gestational age · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.43, 1.05] | 1 study · 106 participants | Very low |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Death or serious morbidity composite · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Neurosensory disability · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Induction of labour · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.63, 1.77] | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Hypoglycaemia · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.35, 1.78] | 2 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Adiposity (e.g. BMI, skinfold thickness, fat mass) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose Type 2 diabetes · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Perineal trauma · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Postnatal depression · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Telemedicine vs standard care Perinatal mortality (including stillbirth or neonatal death) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 131 participants | Very low |
Telemedicine vs standard care Large‐for‐gestational age · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.76, 2.64] | 3 studies · 228 participants | Very low |
Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth Perinatal mortality (after randomisation) · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.32, 2.41] | 1 study · 1052 participants | Low |
Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth Neonatal death · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.29, 3.46] | 1 study · 1052 participants | Low |
Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth Birth less than 28 weeks · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |