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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Graft loss · kidney transplant recipients

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in graft loss compared with standard dose CNI (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: hypertension · kidney transplant recipients

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in adverse events: hypertension compared with standard dose CNI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: CMV infection · kidney transplant recipients

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in adverse events: CMV infection compared with standard dose CNI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) vs standard dose CNI

Adverse events: malignancy · kidney transplant recipients

Low dose CNI calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + mammalian target of… showed no clear difference in adverse events: malignancy compared with standard dose CNI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in severe IVH (grade 3 or 4) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Any late‐onset sepsis ‐ all infants · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in late‐onset sepsis (> 72 hours of age) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Necrotizing enterocolitis (suspected or proven) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in suspected or proven NEC compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death,… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic corticosteroids vs placebo or no corticosteroids

Gastrointestinal bleeding · adults diagnosed with coronary artery disease or cardiac valve disease, and candidates for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Prophylactic corticosteroids showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (as defined by study authors,… compared with placebo or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine system) vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system

Adverse effects during treatment ‐ heaviness in lower abdomen · endometrial hyperplasia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine… changes adverse effects during treatment ‐ heaviness in lower abdomen compared with levonorgestrel intrauterine system (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Familiar odour (breast milk smell) vs usual care

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Familiar odour (breast milk smell) showed no clear difference in PIPP during endotracheal suctioning Range of scale 0 to 21. Lower… compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review