Stakeholders' assessment of review quality (final score) Assessed by 2 editors independently using the RQI from 1 to 5 (average of the 2 ratings), higher scores indicate higher quality. · peer reviewers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Inter‐reviewer agreement (final score) Assessed using the average deviation between reviewers, from −4 to 0, higher scores indicate higher agreement. · peer reviewers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Inter‐reviewer agreement (change score) Assessed using the average score difference between reviewers, possible changes scores range from −9 to 9, higher scores indicate increased agreement. · peer reviewers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Activities of daily living · older adults (> 60 years of age) with extracapsular hip fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Functional status, early (within 4 months): using HHS (range from 0 to 100) and Johansen hip score (range from 0 to 100); higher scores indicate better function · older adults (> 60 years of age) with extracapsular hip fractures
Cephalomedullary nails showed no clear difference in functional status, early (≤ 4 months): using Zűckerman functional… compared with extramedullary implants (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functional outcomes · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)
Surgical showed no clear difference in functional scoresf(higher = better outcome) compared with non‐surgical treatment (high certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
SMD 0.06
5 studies · 423 participants
High
SMD 0.1
7 studies · 552 participants
High
SMD 0.17
3 studies · 347 participants
Moderate
Self‐reported shoulder function · adults undergoing surgery for displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (2 trials)
Locking plate showed no clear difference in self‐reported shoulder function: functional scoresb(higher = better… compared with locking intramedullary nail (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Self‐reported shoulder function · adults undergoing surgery for displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (2 trials)
2 findings from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: MILA (range 0 to 36), EMS (range 0 to 20), BBS (range 0 to 56), PPME (range 0 to 12), Koval (range 1 to 7). Higher values indicate better mobility (except MILA and Koval, where scale wa... · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention may leads to higher mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: MILA… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mobility scales, using EMS (range 0 to 20). Higher values indicate better mobility · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in mobility scales, using EMS (range 0 to 20). Higher values indicate… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: mPPT (range 0 to 36), POMA (range 0 to 30), SPPB (range 0 to 12), PPME (range 0 to 12). A higher score indicates better mobility. · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention leads to higher mobilityd ‐ overall analysis Using different mobility scales: mPPT… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s) and metres/minute (m/min). A higher score indicates faster walking. · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention leads to higher walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s)… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different functioning scales: FSQ (range 0 to 36), BI (range 0 to 100), AM‐PAC daily activity (range 9 to 101), COPM (range 0 to 20), LEFS (range 0 to 80), NEADL (range 0 to 66). A higher score indicates bette... · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention leads to higher functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different functioning scales:… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
HRQoL using EQ‐ 5D (range 0 to 1), SF‐36 (range 0 to 100), SF‐12 (range 0 to 100), and WHOQOL‐BREF (range 0 to 130). A higher score indicates better quality of life. · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in HRQoL using EQ‐ 5D (range 0 to 1), SF‐36 (range 0 to 100), SF‐12… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mobility scales, using different scales: SPPB (range 0 to 12), PPME (range 0 to 12). A higher score indicates better mobility. · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention leads to higher mobility scales, using different scales: SPPB (range 0 to 12), PPME… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s) and metres/minute (m/min). A higher score indicates faster walking. · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s)… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different scales: mBI (range 0 to 20), BI (range 0 to 100), FIM (range 18 to 126), NEADL (range 0 to 66). A higher score indicates better functioning. · adults following hip fracture surgery
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different scales: mBI (range 0… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
HRQoL Using EQ‐5D (range 0 to 1) and HOOS (range 0 to 100). A higher score indicates better quality of life. · adults following hip fracture surgery
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes HRQoL Using EQ‐5D (range 0 to 1) and HOOS (range 0 to 100). A higher… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mobility scales, using different mobility scales: MILA (range 0 to 36), EMS (range 0 to 20), BBS (range 0 to 56), PPME (range 0 to 12), Koval (range 1 to 7). Higher values indicate better mobility (except MILA and Koval, where scale was inverted f... · adults following hip fracture surgery
The intervention probably leads to higher mobility scales, using different mobility scales: MILA (range 0 to… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical pregnancy rate · assisted reproduction technology cycles
It is very uncertain whether glucocorticoids changes clinical pregnancy rate per couple: dosage and timing of… compared with no glucocorticoids or placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review