What do systematic reviews say?

Metformin vs placebo or no treatment

Metformin probably leads to higher ovulation rate per woman compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Insulin‐sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D‐chiro‐inositol) for women with polycystic ovary… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.55 [1.81, 3.59]
  14 studies · 701 participants
  Moderate

Metformin vs placebo or no treatment

Metformin showed no clear difference in miscarriage rate per woman compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Insulin‐sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D‐chiro‐inositol) for women with polycystic ovary… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.08 [0.5, 2.35]
  4 studies · 748 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean change from baseline in condition‐specific quality of lifeScale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 4.41
  12 studies · 6804 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics probably leads to higher patient perception of cure or improvement compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [1.15, 1.66]
  9 studies · 8457 participants
  Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of urgency episodes per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.85
  23 studies · 16875 participants
  Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events: dry mouth compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.5 [3.26, 3.75]
  66 studies · 38368 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events:urinary retention compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.52 [2.04, 6.08]
  17 studies · 7862 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics may leads to higher withdrawal due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.37 [1.21, 1.56]
  61 studies · 36943 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of micturitions per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.85
  30 studies · 19395 participants
  Moderate

Insulin vs placebo

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: repaglinide vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: repaglinide changes hypoglycemia: number of episodes compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 12.52 [0.74, 211.2]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: repaglinide vs insulin

Summary of findings: repaglinide showed no clear difference in hbA1c (%) change from baseline compared with insulin (high certainty).

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.3
  1 study · 67 participants
  High

Summary of findings: repaglinide vs insulin

Summary of findings: repaglinide showed no clear difference in FEV1 % predicted change from baseline compared with insulin (moderate certainty).

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 112 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: repaglinide vs insulin

Summary of findings: repaglinide showed no clear difference in FVC % predicted change from baseline compared with insulin (moderate certainty).

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 112 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: repaglinide vs insulin

Summary of findings: repaglinide showed no clear difference in BMI (kg/m²) change from baseline compared with insulin (low certainty).

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.24
  1 study · 45 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: repaglinide vs insulin

Summary of findings: repaglinide showed no clear difference in hypoglycemia number of episodes compared with insulin (low certainty).

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [0.48, 4.01]
  2 studies · 56 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: NPH insulin vs insulin glargine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: NPH insulin vs insulin glargine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: NPH insulin vs insulin glargine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: NPH insulin vs insulin glargine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found