Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

966 questions · 1,015 findings · 90 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 256 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 62 · 6.1%Very low 271 · 26.7%Low 269 · 26.5%Moderate 111 · 10.9%High 46 · 4.5%

Intervention not reported

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Stillbirth · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Neonatal death · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Birthweight (g) · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 184 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Weekly gestational weight gain (g/week) · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 184 participants
Very low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Neonatal mortality · pregnant women

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in neonatal death compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [0.35, 4.72]
1 study · 448 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.45, 2.11]
1 study · 404 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Preterm birth · pregnant women

Nutritional education may leads to lower preterm birth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.46 [0.21, 0.98]
2 studies · 449 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Birthweight (g) · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 320 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Gestational weight gain · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 233 participants
Very low

Balanced protein and energy supplementation vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Balanced protein and energy supplementation vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Stillbirth · pregnant women

Balanced protein and energy supplementation probably leads to lower stillbirth compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.6 [0.39, 0.94]
5 studies · 3408 participants
Moderate

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 53 participants
Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

Serum calcium · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 53 participants
Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

Calcium × phosphate product · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 53 participants
Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

Alkaline phosphatase · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 53 participants
Very low

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

All‐cause mortality · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calcium‐enriched bread vs calcium acetate

Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found