Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Intervention not reported

Costs · pregnant women and their infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Perinatal death · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention showed no clear difference in perinatal death (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.54, 1.03]
10 studies · 7416 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

SGA/IUGR · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention showed no clear difference in SGA/IUGR (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.9, 1.13]
8 studies · 6907 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

LBW · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention leads to lower LBW (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.82, 0.99]
15 studies · 8449 participants
High

Intervention not reported

LGA · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention showed no clear difference in LGA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.97, 1.36]
6 studies · 3722 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events for neonate/infant · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention may leads to lower serious adverse events for neonate/infant (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.53, 0.99]
2 studies · 2690 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Prolonged gestation > 42 weeks · pregnant women

The intervention probably leads to higher prolonged gestation > 42 weeks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.61 [1.11, 2.33]
6 studies · 5141 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Induction post‐term · pregnant women

The intervention showed no clear difference in induction post‐term (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.22, 2.98]
3 studies · 2900 participants
Low

Metformin vs placebo

Large‐for‐gestational age · women with obesity during pregnancy

Metformin showed no clear difference in large‐for‐gestational‐age infant, defined as birthweight ≥ 90th… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.7, 1.3]
2 studies · 831 participants
High

Metformin vs placebo

Gestational weight gain · women with obesity during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 899 participants
Low

Metformin vs placebo

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: gestational hypertension · women with obesity during pregnancy

Metformin showed no clear difference in gestational hypertension compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.54, 1.94]
3 studies · 1040 participants
Low

Metformin vs placebo

Gestational diabetes · women with obesity during pregnancy

Metformin showed no clear difference in gestational diabetes (as defined by the trial authors) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.61, 1.19]
3 studies · 892 participants
Moderate

Metformin vs placebo

Diarrhoea · women with obesity during pregnancy

Metformin leads to higher adverse effects associated with the treatment: diarrhoea compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.34 [1.74, 3.14]
2 studies · 797 participants
High

Metformin vs placebo

Birthweight (g) · women with obesity during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 834 participants
High

Intramuscular ceftriaxone vs oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid

Cure of gonococcal infection (microbiological culture) · pregnant women with gonorrhoea infection

It is very uncertain whether intramuscular ceftriaxone changes cure of gonococcal infection (microbiological culture) compared with oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating gonorrhoea in pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.98, 1.16]
1 study · 168 participants
Very low

Intramuscular ceftriaxone vs oral cefixime

Adverse events including treatment‐related adverse events · pregnant women with gonorrhoea infection

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating gonorrhoea in pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 95 participants
GRADE not reported

Intramuscular ceftriaxone vs oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid

Incidence of obstetric complications · pregnant women with gonorrhoea infection

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating gonorrhoea in pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 168 participants
GRADE not reported

Intramuscular ceftriaxone vs oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid

Incidence of disseminated gonococcal infection · pregnant women with gonorrhoea infection

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating gonorrhoea in pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 168 participants
GRADE not reported

Intramuscular ceftriaxone vs oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid

Neonatorum ophthalmia · pregnant women with gonorrhoea infection

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating gonorrhoea in pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 168 participants
GRADE not reported

Intramuscular ceftriaxone vs oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid

Adverse events including treatment‐related adverse events · pregnant women with gonorrhoea infection

It is very uncertain whether intramuscular ceftriaxone changes adverse events including treatment‐related adverse events compared with oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating gonorrhoea in pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.07]
1 study · 168 participants
Very low