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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,973 questions · 3,072 findings · 410 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 559 · 18.2%GRADE not reported 143 · 4.7%Very low 654 · 21.3%Low 833 · 27.1%Moderate 683 · 22.2%High 200 · 6.5%

Magnesium sulfate vs ipratropium

Proportion of people with hospital admissions (from the emergency room) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether magnesium sulfate changes proportion of people with hospital admissions (from the emergency… compared with standard care (ipratropium bromide) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulfate vs ipratropium

Endotracheal intubation To discharge · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether magnesium sulfate changes proportion of people requiring endotracheal intubation compared with standard care (ipratropium bromide) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care

Proportion of people requiring non‐invasive ventilation · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care changes proportion of people requiring non‐invasive ventilation compared with placebo + standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care

Proportion of people with hospital admissions (from the emergency room) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care changes proportion of people with hospital admissions (from the emergency… compared with placebo + standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care

Incidence of admissions to the ICU · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care changes proportion of people requiring ICU admission compared with placebo + standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review