Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether tempered cetylpyridinium chloride changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with cold cetylpyridinium chloride (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether boric acid changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with water (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
MD -29.3 [-32.65, -25.95]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low
MD -14.04 [-16.47, -11.61]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with ozonated water (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) may leads to lower reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with water (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD -246 [-437.96, -54.04]
1 study · 30 participants
Low
MD -0.78 [-1.24, -0.31]
1 study · 105 participants
Very low
MD -48.7 [-67.82, -29.58]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low
Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -2.05 [-2.57, -1.53]
18 studies
GRADE not reported
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether povidone iodine changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with saline (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
Chlorhexidine (CHX) led to lower reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with saline; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
MD -668.4 [-1044.45, -292.35]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -21.33 [-36.8, -5.86]
1 study · 12 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
3 findings from 1 review
Bay 1993 compared essential oil mouthwash C (Listerine) with distilled water and reported combined CFUs at different levels using Andersen's air sampler; level 2 (pharynx) was considered patient level and was not…
1 study
GRADE not reported
At operator level, because of high heterogeneity (I2 = 98%), the results were not meta-analysed (3 studies; Gupta 2014, Nayak 2020, Shetty 2013). No pooled estimate or GRADE rating.
3 studies
GRADE not reported
At assistant level, because of high heterogeneity (I2 = 99%), the results were not meta-analysed (3 studies; Gupta 2014, Nayak 2020, Shetty 2013). No pooled estimate or GRADE rating.
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with boric acid (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
MD -8.03 [-9.65, -6.41]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low
MD -26.6 [-28.24, -24.96]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet nuclei) at >=2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether povidone iodine changes reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet… compared with ozonated water (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with povidone iodine (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet nuclei) at >=2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet… compared with ozonated water (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether tempered chlorhexidine changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with non-tempered chlorhexidine (very low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD -10.8 [-15.15, -6.45]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD -17.6 [-23.7, -11.5]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD -15.8 [-22.67, -8.93]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
1 finding from 1 review
At operator level, because of high heterogeneity (I2 = 89%), which could not be explained, the results were not meta-analysed (2 studies, 60 participants; Feres 2010, Retamal-Valdes 2017). No pooled estimate or GRADE…
2 studies · 60 participants
GRADE not reported
Streptococcus mutans load in the oral cavity (saliva and/or dental plaque) · Adults and children (general population)
In a sensitivity analysis assuming a 0.95 baseline-to-endpoint correlation for the sugar-free gum arm, the effect remained significant (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.30; 13 trials, I2 73%); certainty not formally graded.
2 findings from 1 review
Streptococcus mutans load in the oral cavity (saliva and/or dental plaque) · Adults and children (general population)
Xylitol-only sugar-free gum significantly reduced Streptococcus mutans load versus pooled controls (SMD -0.46, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.28; 12 trials, I2 43%); certainty not formally graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Other adverse events (allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa, long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion) · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucosa inflammation · adults
The review reported mixed findings for oral mucosa inflammation in reflux patients and did not formally demonstrate causation.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Salivary function impairment (buffering capacity, flow rate, oral pH) · Adults with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
Reflux is associated with impaired salivary function (notably reduced buffering capacity) as a proposed pathophysiological mechanism, based on several ungraded studies.
1 finding from 1 review
Mixed/controversial salivary findings: reduced salivary buffering capacity supported in three studies (Correa, Holbrook, Filipi) with low oral pH and reduced flow as additional factors in GERD patients, but Meurman and Schroeder found no significant salivary abnormalities; no pooled estimate.
6 studies
GRADE not reported