What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in ototoxicity An increase in auditory threshold of 20 dB or more over… (low certainty).

• Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.04, 7.96]
  3 studies · 266 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 245 participants
  Moderate

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

It is very uncertain whether any early psychological intervention changes PTSD diagnosis: post‐treatment compared with waiting list/usual care (very low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.85, 1.32]
  5 studies · 556 participants
  Very low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 409 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 414 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 239 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Any early psychological intervention may leads to lower PTSD diagnosis: 3–6 months compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.41, 0.93]
  5 studies · 758 participants
  Low
• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.2, 4.49]
  1 study · 132 participants
  Very low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Any early psychological intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts from treatment compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [0.91, 1.95]
  11 studies · 1154 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 1921 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1009 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 945 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

Any early psychological intervention may leads to higher dropouts from treatment compared with active control condition (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [1.11, 2.34]
  2 studies · 425 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 465 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower anaemia Defined as haemoglobin (Hb) concentration < 11 g/dL Measured… (low certainty).

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.56, 0.84]
  11 studies · 3746 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower micronutrient deficiencies (low certainty).

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.6]
  11 studies · 3289 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 2889 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes anaemia Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) concentration < 13… (very low certainty).

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.37, 2.01]
  1 study · 88 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes micronutrient deficiencies (very low certainty).

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.17]
  1 study · 88 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in tobacco use (moderate certainty).

• Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.28 [0.75, 2.19]
  2 studies · 521 participants
  Moderate