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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.76 [1.63, 4.67] | 3 studies · 219 participants | Low |
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Global state: average score: long term (+26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low |
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.12 [0.7, 6.37] | 3 studies · 257 participants | Very low |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [0.54, 5.38] | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 133 participants | Low |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Hospitalisation: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.03, 2.14] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [0.82, 3.3] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.46, 2.2] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO Relapse: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.23, 0.57] | 2 studies · 288 participants | Very low |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO Hospitalisation: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO Global state: average score: medium term (13‐25 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO Mental state: average score: medium term (13‐25 weeks) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Mental state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Brief Psychaitric Rating Scale (BPRS). Scale from: 0 to 126. · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 77 participants | Low |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs PLACEBO Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.97 [1.28, 3.01] | 2 studies · 90 participants | Very low |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: by long term (+26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.58, 2.3] | 4 studies · 165 participants | Low |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Economic outcomes: cost effectiveness as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [1.23, 2.15] | 10 studies · 996 participants | Low |
INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [1.32, 4.12] | 2 studies · 155 participants | Low |
INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY Hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [1.33, 2.08] | 5 studies · 625 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs ARIPIPRAZOLE Mental state: 1. General ‐ average endpoint score PANSS total · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 297 participants | Low |
QUETIAPINE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Mental state: 3. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score short term PANSS negative subscore · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 142 participants | Low |
QUETIAPINE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Quality of life: substantial improvement · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
QUETIAPINE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.11, 0.47] | 2 studies · 135 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson medication · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
QUETIAPINE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term Adverse effects: 3. Metabolic ‐ weight gain · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.25, 1.11] | 2 studies · 135 participants | Low |
QUETIAPINE vs OLANZAPINE Mental state: 1. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high = poor) · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1486 participants | Low |
QUETIAPINE vs OLANZAPINE Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS positive subscore · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 801 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs OLANZAPINE Mental state: 3. Negative symptoms ‐ endpoint score PANSS negative subscore · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 801 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs OLANZAPINE Quality of life: general ‐ average change in endpoint score medium term QLS total score · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 286 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs OLANZAPINE Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.13] | 7 studies · 1615 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs ARIPIPRAZOLE Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms average endpoint score PANSS positive subscore · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 297 participants | Low |
QUETIAPINE vs OLANZAPINE Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson medication · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1127 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs OLANZAPINE Adverse effects: 3. Metabolic ‐ weight significant gain · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.95] | 7 studies · 1321 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs PALIPERIDONE Mental state: 1. General ‐ average endpoint score PANSS total · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 319 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs PALIPERIDONE Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS positive subscore · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 319 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs PALIPERIDONE Mental state: 3. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS negative subscore · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 319 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs PALIPERIDONE Quality of life: substantial improvement · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
QUETIAPINE vs PALIPERIDONE Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
QUETIAPINE vs PALIPERIDONE Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal effects use of antiparkinson medication · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.45, 0.91] | 1 study · 319 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs PALIPERIDONE Adverse effects: 3. Metabolic weight gain ≥7% of total body weight · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.52 [0.5, 12.78] | 1 study · 319 participants | Moderate |
QUETIAPINE vs RISPERIDONE Mental state: 1. General ‐ average endpoint score PANSS total score · participants with schizophrenia Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 2155 participants | Moderate |