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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tibolone vs placebo Cerebrovascular events (all doses) · postmenopausal women with or without vasomotor symptoms Short‐term and long‐term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.74 [0.99, 3.04] | 4 studies · 7930 participants | Very low |
Tibolone vs placebo Mortality from any cause (all doses) · postmenopausal women with or without vasomotor symptoms Short‐term and long‐term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.79, 1.41] | 4 studies · 8242 participants | Low |
Tibolone vs combined HT Vasomotor symptoms (tibolone 2.5 mg/d) · postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms Short‐term and long‐term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.57 [1.18, 2.1] | 4 studies · 646 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Live Birth Rate · Subfertile women undergoing in vitro maturation Human chorionic gonadotrophin priming for fertility treatment with in vitro maturation (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.65 [0.24, 1.74] | 1 study · 82 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Miscarriage Rate · Subfertile women undergoing in vitro maturation Human chorionic gonadotrophin priming for fertility treatment with in vitro maturation (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.21, 1.72] | 2 studies · 282 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Clinical Pregnancy Rate · Subfertile women undergoing in vitro maturation Human chorionic gonadotrophin priming for fertility treatment with in vitro maturation (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.52 [0.26, 1.03] | 2 studies · 282 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events and drug reactions · Subfertile women undergoing in vitro maturation Human chorionic gonadotrophin priming for fertility treatment with in vitro maturation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor SymptomsFrequency of hot flushes measured in a diary (daily) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 199 participants | Moderate |
CHM vs HT Outcomesa · Women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CHM vs HT Vasomotor Symptoms measured by Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL, monthly) · Women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 127 participants | Very low |
CHM vs HT Adverse Effects · Women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.66, 1.39] | 6 studies · 864 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor SymptomsSeverity of hot flushes measured in a diary (daily) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 108 participants | Moderate |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor SymptomsOverall scores of hot flushes in a diary (daily) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 263 participants | Low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor SymptomsOverall scores of hot flushes in a diary (monthly) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor SymptomsOverall night sweats in a diary (daily) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor SymptomsOverall scores of night sweats in a diary (monthly) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor Symptomsmeasured by the Kupperman Index (KI, monthly) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Vasomotor Symptomsmeasured by Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL, monthly) · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 256 participants | Low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs placebo Adverse Effects · women with menopausal symptoms Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [0.69, 3.33] | 7 studies · 705 participants | Very low |
Transdermal beta‐estradiol patch vs placebo Frequency of hot flushes Beta‐estradiol patch 0.0375‐0.10 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 793 participants | Low |
Intranasal beta‐estradiol vs placebo Frequency of hot flushes Change from baseline Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day or 0.040 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 458 participants | Moderate |
Intranasal beta‐estradiol vs placebo Adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day or 0.040 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.96 [1.26, 3.03] | 1 study · 458 participants | Moderate |
Transdermal beta‐estradiol patch vs conjugated equine estrogens Frequency of hot flushes Beta‐estradiol patch 0.05 or 0.1 mg per day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg per day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 711 participants | Low |
Transdermal beta‐estradiol patch vs conjugated equine estrogens Adverse events Beta‐estradiol patch 0.05 or 0.1 mg/day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 711 participants | Very low |
Oral beta‐estradiol vs conjugated equine estrogens Frequency of hot flushes Oral beta‐estradiol 1.0 and 2.0 mg/day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Oral beta‐estradiol vs conjugated equine estrogens Adverse events Oral beta‐estradiol 1.0 or 2.0 mg/day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 103 participants | Very low |
Transdermal beta‐estradiol patch vs placebo Intensity of hot flushes Beta‐estradiol patch 0.025‐0.05 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 393 participants | Low |
Transdermal beta‐estradiol patch vs placebo Adverse effects Beta‐estradiol patch dose 0.10 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.14 [1.29, 3.54] | 9 studies · 1822 participants | Low |
Transdermal beta‐estradiol gel vs placebo Frequency of hot flushes Beta‐estradiol gel 0.27‐1.5 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 930 participants | Low |
Transdermal beta‐estradiol gel vs placebo Adverse effects Beta‐estradiol gel dose 1.5 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1086 participants | Moderate |
Oral beta‐estradiol vs placebo Frequency of hot flushes Oral beta‐estradiol 0.5‐1.0 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 356 participants | Low |
Oral beta‐estradiol vs placebo Adverse effects Oral beta‐estradiol 0.5‐2.0 mg/day · women with hot flushes Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 433 participants | Low |
Topical beta‐estradiol emulsion vs placebo Frequency of vasomotor menopausal symptoms Micellar nanoparticle beta‐estradiol 8.6 mg/day · women with vasomotor symptoms Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Topical beta‐estradiol emulsion vs placebo Adverse effects Micellar nanoparticle beta‐estradiol 8.6 mg/day · women with vasomotor symptoms Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [0.8, 2.66] | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Psychological and educational interventions vs attentional control or usual care Anxiety Different scales for anxiety (low score indicates benefit from intervention) · Subfertile men and women Psychological and educational interventions for subfertile men and women (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 21 studies · 2372 participants | Very low |
Psychological and educational interventions vs attentional control or usual care Depression Different scales for depression (low score indicates benefit from intervention) · Subfertile men and women Psychological and educational interventions for subfertile men and women (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 1464 participants | Very low |
Psychological and educational interventions vs attentional control or usual care Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (complete‐case analysis) · Subfertile men and women Psychological and educational interventions for subfertile men and women (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 387 participants | Very low |
NSAIDs vs placebo Pain relief dichotomous data · women with primary dysmenorrhoea Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea (2015) · Cochrane | OR 4.37 [3.76, 5.09] | NR | Low |
NSAIDs vs placebo All adverse effects · women with primary dysmenorrhoea Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.29 [1.11, 1.51] | NR | Low |
NSAIDs vs paracetamol Pain relief dichotomous data · women with primary dysmenorrhoea Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.89 [1.05, 3.43] | NR | Low |
NSAIDs vs paracetamol All adverse effects ‐ ibuprofen versus paracetamol · women with primary dysmenorrhoea Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.31, 2.34] | NR | Very low |
Misoprostol vs placebo or no treatment before operative hysteroscopy Ease of dilatation: need for mechanical dilatation · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.08 [0.04, 0.16] | 5 studies · 441 participants | Moderate |
Misoprostol vs dinoprostone before operative hysteroscopy Side effects · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Misoprostol vs osmotic dilator before operative hysteroscopy Ease of dilatation: need for mechanical dilatation · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 5.96 [2.61, 13.59] | 1 study · 110 participants | Low |
Misoprostol vs osmotic dilator before operative hysteroscopy Intraoperative complications · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 5.14 [0.24, 109.01] | 3 studies · 354 participants | Low |
Misoprostol vs placebo or no treatment before operative hysteroscopy Intraoperative complications · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.18, 0.77] | 12 studies · 901 participants | Moderate |
Misoprostol vs placebo or no treatment before operative hysteroscopy Specific intraoperative complications ‐ Cervical laceration/tear · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.25 [0.11, 0.57] | 9 studies · 669 participants | Moderate |
Misoprostol vs placebo or no treatment before operative hysteroscopy Specific intraoperative complications ‐ False track · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.12, 0.97] | 7 studies · 560 participants | Moderate |
Misoprostol vs placebo or no treatment before operative hysteroscopy Specific intraoperative complications ‐ Uterine perforation · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.42 [0.13, 1.38] | 7 studies · 455 participants | Low |
Misoprostol vs placebo or no treatment before operative hysteroscopy Specific intraoperative complications ‐ Uterine bleeding · Pre and post menopausal women Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.51 [0.1, 2.49] | 4 studies · 340 participants | Low |