Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,922 questions · 3,118 findings · 513 reviews

No studies found 574 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 372 · 11.9%Very low 723 · 23.2%Low 854 · 27.4%Moderate 489 · 15.7%High 106 · 3.4%

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic pain
3 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic pain
3 findings from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with chronic pain

It is very uncertain whether active stimulation + other intervention changes pain intensity. Proportion with ≥ 50% pain relief. compared with other intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) · adults with chronic pain

Active stimulation + other intervention may leads to higher pain intensity. Proportion with ≥50% pain relief. compared with other intervention alone (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unit compared with vaginal misoprostol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Er,Cr:YSGG laser (erbium,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile stimuli · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

Er,Cr:YSGG laser (erbium,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet) showed no clear difference in changes in intensity of pain (VAS 0 to 10) tested through tactile… compared with placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Dental caries: prevalence of moderate to extensive caries (ICDAS 3-6) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in dental caries: prevalence of moderate to extensive caries (ICDAS 3-6) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review