c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: cognitive delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.37]
Studies not reported
Very low
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: language delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.76 [0.37, 1.58]
Studies not reported
Very low
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: motor delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.5 [0.13, 1.96]
Studies not reported
Very low
d) Mental development IQ > 2 SD below the mean · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Visual impairment · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
The pooled incidence with ceramic restorations was 5.59%.
1 finding from 1 review
First‐pass success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta
Ultrasound guidance may leads to higher first‐pass success of cannulation compared with landmark method (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
1 finding from 1 review
Procedure time for first‐pass cannulation (seconds) · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
1 finding from 1 review
Number of cannulation attempts · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient satisfaction NRS from 0 to 10 or 4‐step Likert scale The higher the score, the higher the level of satisfaction · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Overall complications · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in overall complications compared with landmark method (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
First‐pass success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
Ultrasound guidance leads to lower first‐pass success of cannulation compared with landmark method (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
1 finding from 1 review
Procedure time for first‐pass cannulation (seconds) · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
1 finding from 1 review
Number of cannulation attempts · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Overall success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta
It is very uncertain whether ultrasound guidance changes overall success of cannulation compared with landmark method (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient satisfaction NRS from 0 to 10 or 4‐step Likert scale The higher the score, the higher the level of satisfaction · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Overall complications · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in overall complications compared with landmark method (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review