Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,017 questions · 1,061 findings · 131 reviews

No studies found 193 · 18.2%GRADE not reported 65 · 6.1%Very low 237 · 22.3%Low 325 · 30.6%Moderate 187 · 17.6%High 54 · 5.1%

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor vs placebo

Improvement in disability grade Defined as achievement of a specified degree of improvement · patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome

It is very uncertain whether brain‐derived neurotrophic factor changes improvement in disability grade Defined as achievement of a… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Ototoxicity An increase in auditory threshold of 20 dB or more over any frequency range · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The intervention showed no clear difference in ototoxicity An increase in auditory threshold of 20 dB or more over… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs placebo

Seizure freedom · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs placebo

Satisfactory seizure control 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency for drug‐resistant epilepsy · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

IVIg showed no clear difference in satisfactory seizure control 50% or greater reduction in seizure… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs placebo

All harmful effects · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs placebo

Global assessment · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

IVIg may leads to higher global assessment compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Nausea · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of PON, defined as the presence of subjective nausea, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of POV, reported dichotomously by any discrete episodes of vomiting · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of POV, reported dichotomously by any discrete episodes of… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported dichotomously as the use of any medication intended to treat nausea or vomiting during the postoperative period · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of unintended postoperative admission to hospital, reported dichotomously as admission to an inpatient unit of a participant after an intended ambulatory surgical procedure · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid showed no clear difference in risk of unintended postoperative admission to hospital, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of suffering a serious adverse event, reported dichotomously as the occurrence of any of: admission to high‐dependency unit, postoperative cardiac or respiratory complication, or death · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings TIVA vs inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia

Postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM and in one study diagnostic tool was not reported) Time points were up to 4 days postoperatively

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings TIVA changes postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM… compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings TIVA vs inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (9 studies used MMSE, and 2 of these studies used additional diagnostic tools; 1 study used Trail Making Test and additional diagnostic tools; 3 studies did not report diagnostic tools) Time points were up to 30...

Summary of findings TIVA may leads to lower postoperative cognitive dysfunction (9 studies used MMSE, and 2 of… compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review