What do systematic reviews say?

Minoxidil vs placebo

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 304 participants
  Very low

Minoxidil vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Minoxidil vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (mean worst ability to eat, 1 to 4 scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  MD -0.50 [-1.21, 0.21]
  1 study · 42 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  RR 0.96 [0.88, 1.05]
  4 studies · 655 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children
  Two studies of KGF versus placebo in children were unclear in reporting; no usable data could be presented
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  RT to head and neck with cisplatin/fluorouracil
  RR 0.95 [0.90, 1.00]
  2 studies · 374 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in number of days in hospital compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  MD 0.00 [-1.64, 1.64]
  1 study · 281 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies reported this outcome (planned secondary outcome not measured by any study in the review)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events attributed to KGF were typically oral-related or skin-related; mostly mild to moderate with very few serious events; reporting poor and inconsistent, not appropriate to meta-analyse (SoF comments cell,…
  16 studies
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies reported this outcome (planned secondary outcome not measured by any study in the review)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… may leads to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  RR 0.89 [0.80, 0.99]
  6 studies · 852 participants
  Low
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  RT to head and neck with cisplatin/fluorouracil
  RR 0.91 [0.83, 1.00]
  3 studies · 471 participants
  Moderate
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Chemotherapy alone for mixed cancers
  RR 0.56 [0.45, 0.70]
  4 studies · 344 participants
  Moderate

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in oral pain (mean worst pain, 0 to 10 scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  MD -0.85 [-3.00, 1.30]
  1 study · 42 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  RT to head and neck with cisplatin/fluorouracil
  MD -0.12 [-0.27, 0.02]
  2 studies · 374 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (supplemental nutrition: TPN, PEG, nasogastric tube… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  RT to head and neck with cisplatin/fluorouracil
  RR 1.03 [0.77, 1.37]
  3 studies · 473 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment (chemotherapy… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  RT to head and neck with cisplatin/fluorouracil
  RR 0.96 [0.62, 1.47]
  2 studies · 374 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment (unscheduled radiotherapy breaks… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  RT to head and neck with cisplatin/fluorouracil
  RR 1.01 [0.65, 1.59]
  3 studies · 473 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… may leads to lower oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Chemotherapy alone for mixed cancers
  RR 0.30 [0.14, 0.65]
  3 studies · 263 participants
  Low
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  RR 0.85 [0.65, 1.11]
  6 studies · 852 participants
  Low
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  RT to head and neck with cisplatin/fluorouracil
  RR 0.79 [0.69, 0.90]
  3 studies · 471 participants
  High

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  RR 0.89 [0.58, 1.34]
  4 studies · 714 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  MD -1.41 [-3.33, 0.51]
  2 studies · 323 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… changes oral cancer development compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 months (treatment lasted 12 months)
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.05]
  1 study · 85 participants
  Very low

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

• Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 to 12 months
  SoF 1, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 4 to 12 months: 'Studies could not be combined in meta-analysis. One study evaluated topical treatment and did not find evidence of benefit; 3 studies of systemic…
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… probably leads to lower improvement of histological features (not improved) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months
  RR 0.43 [0.24, 0.76]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Moderate