What do systematic reviews say?

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence changes proportion of immunosuppressant trough concentration levels at target compared with standard care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence in solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.68, 1.4]
  4 studies · 348 participants
  Very low

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in menstrual blood loss (alkaline hematin method) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 14.11
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.3
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in duration of bleeding (menstrual diary) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.2
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 828 participants
  Low

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.55, 0.89]
  5 studies · 557 participants
  Moderate

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 399 participants
  Low

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.08, 1.85]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.98, 1.48]
  2 studies · 380 participants
  Low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes number of people experiencing at least 1 exacerbation/moderate to… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.98 [0.74, 1.28]
  3 studies · 955 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes time to first exacerbation compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.05 [0.67, 1.65]
  1 study · 166 participants
  Very low