What do systematic reviews say?

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 310 participants
  High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 303 participants
  High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.2 [0.66, 2.17]
  2 studies · 227 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam showed no clear difference in seizure cessation: within 10 minutes compared with intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination (moderate certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.98, 1.02]
  1 study · 178 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 178 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam showed no clear difference in incidence of respiratory depression compared with intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination (moderate certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.22, 2.82]
  1 study · 178 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam showed no clear difference in additional drugs required to stop the seizure compared with intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination (moderate certainty).

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.42 [0.17, 1.04]
  1 study · 178 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 178 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg may leads to lower participants infectious at day 3‐4 compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.12 [0.02, 0.88]
  3 studies · 105 participants
  Low
• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.07, 1.58]
  4 studies · 243 participants
  Low

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with severe haemolysis compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.54 [0.38, 6.3]
  2 studies · 260 participants
  Low

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants infectious at day 3‐4 compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.68]
  1 study · 101 participants
  Low
• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.02, 1.41]
  2 studies · 181 participants
  Low

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 3‐4, by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.75, 1.13]
  2 studies · 290 participants
  Low

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg leads to lower participants with gametocytes at day 8, by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (high certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.31 [0.23, 0.43]
  5 studies · 793 participants
  High

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 106 participants
  GRADE not reported

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 3 to 4 by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.87, 1.21]
  3 studies · 414 participants
  Moderate

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg leads to lower participants with gametocytes at day 8 by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (high certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.41, 0.65]
  4 studies · 532 participants
  High

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with severe haemolysis compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.69, 1.39]
  4 studies · 752 participants
  Moderate

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg may leads to lower participants infectious at day 3‐4 compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.02, 0.94]
  3 studies · 109 participants
  Low
• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.07, 1.57]
  4 studies · 246 participants
  Low

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 3‐4, by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

• Primaquine or other 8‐aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.28]
  3 studies · 418 participants
  Moderate