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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Human albumin vs placebo or no treatment Adverse effects · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HES vs placebo or no treatment Moderate or severe OHSS · Women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.27 [0.12, 0.59] | 2 studies · 272 participants | Very low |
HES vs placebo or no treatment Live birth · Women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HES vs placebo or no treatment Pregnancy rate · Women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.49, 2.93] | 1 study · 168 participants | Very low |
HES vs placebo or no treatment Adverse effects · Women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs placebo / no treatment Moderate or severe OHSS · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.22, 0.64] | 1 study · 226 participants | Low |
Oestrogen ring vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.8, 2.19] | 2 studies · 341 participants | Low |
Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens Endometrial thickness (oestrogen tablets vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.31 [0.06, 1.6] | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.7, 1.52] | 3 studies · 528 participants | Low |
Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs placebo) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 12.85 [10.39, 15.89] | 4 studies · 2078 participants | Low |
Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen tablets vs placebo) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.27 [0.24, 6.69] | 1 study · 309 participants | Moderate |
Oestrogen cream vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen cream vs isoflavone gel) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.08 [0.08, 53.76] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Oestrogen cream vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) oestrogen cream vs placebo) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 4.1 [1.88, 8.93] | 2 studies · 198 participants | Low |
Oestrogen cream vs other regimens Endometrial thickness not reported · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen cream vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen cream vs placebo) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.29 [1.47, 7.36] | 1 study · 153 participants | Low |
Oestrogen cream vs other regimens Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen cream vs non‐hormonal lubricant gel) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 10.67 [0.54, 209.64] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Oestrogen ring vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen tablets) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.53, 1.15] | 3 studies · 567 participants | Low |
Oestrogen ring vs other regimens Endometrial thickness (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.36 [0.14, 0.94] | 2 studies · 273 participants | Low |
Oestrogen ring vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.7, 1.53] | 3 studies · 533 participants | Low |
Oestrogen ring vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen tablets) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.45 [0.9, 2.32] | 2 studies · 397 participants | Low |
Oestrogen ring vs other regimens Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.47, 1.63] | 1 study · 192 participants | Low |
Oestrogen ring vs other regimens Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs placebo) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.45 [0.11, 1.78] | 1 study · 37 participants | Moderate |
Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.55, 2.01] | 2 studies · 208 participants | Low |
Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens Improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs placebo) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (2016) · Cochrane | OR 12.47 [9.81, 15.84] | 2 studies · 1638 participants | Low |
GnRH antagonist vs long‐course GnRH agonist Live birth rate per woman randomised · women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.85, 1.23] | 12 studies · 2303 participants | Moderate |
GnRH antagonist vs long‐course GnRH agonist OHSS per woman randomised (any grade) · women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.51, 0.72] | 36 studies · 7944 participants | Moderate |
GnRH antagonist vs long‐course GnRH agonist Ongoing pregnancy rate per woman randomised · women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.83, 1.01] | 37 studies · 8311 participants | Moderate |
GnRH antagonist vs long‐course GnRH agonist Clinical pregnancy rate per woman randomised · women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.83, 1] | 54 studies · 9959 participants | Moderate |
GnRH antagonist vs long‐course GnRH agonist Miscarriage rate per woman randomised · women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.82, 1.29] | 34 studies · 7082 participants | Moderate |
GnRH antagonist vs long‐course GnRH agonist Cycle cancellation due to poor ovarian response · women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.32 [1.06, 1.65] | 25 studies · 5230 participants | Moderate |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Outcomes1 · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Valerian versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Zataria versus placebo Pain relief · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | OR 6.66 [2.66, 16.72] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Fish oil versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Fish oil + vitamin B1 versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Vitamin B1 versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Vitamin E versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 135 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Zinc sulphate versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Very low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Zinc sulphate versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.11, 6.12] | 1 study · 99 participants | Very low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Dill seed versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Dill seed versus placebo Pain relief · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.2, 2.31] | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Fennel versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Fenugreek versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 101 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Ginger versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 266 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Ginger versus placebo Pain relief · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | OR 5.44 [1.8, 16.46] | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Ginger versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.13, 7.09] | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low |
Dietary supplements vs placebo Guava leaf versus placebo Pain score · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 151 participants | Low |
Antioestrogen vs placebo Live birth rate ‐ not reported · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antioestrogen vs antioestrogen Clomiphene citrate versus tamoxifen ‐ ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 567 participants | Ungraded |
Antioestrogen vs antioestrogen Clomiphene citrate plus tamoxifen versus clomiphene citrate ‐ Clinical pregnancy rate · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.32 [0.12, 91.6] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |