Proportion developing new caries · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less
Fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in proportion of children developing one or more new caries compared with placebo (non-fluoride) toothpaste; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion developing new caries · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition)
Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish;… led to lower proportion of children developing one or more new caries compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.88 [0.82, 0.95]
13 studies
GRADE not reported
Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
Brushed less than once per day may leads to lower fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with brushed once or more per day (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
It is very uncertain whether used a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste or less changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with used more than a pea-sized amount (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
It is very uncertain whether fluoride toothpaste less than 1000 ppm (lower concentration) changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with fluoride toothpaste 1000 ppm or more (higher concentration) (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
It is very uncertain whether brushed less than twice per day changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with brushed twice or more per day (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
300/450 IU vs 150 IU · women undergoing IVF/ICSI who are anticipated to have a low‐response to stimulation based on one or more ORT measure
Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in 300/450 IU vs 150 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
400/450 IU vs 300 IU · women undergoing IVF/ICSI who are anticipated to have a low‐response to stimulation based on one or more ORT measure
Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in 400/450 IU vs 300 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
IU vs 450 IU · women undergoing IVF/ICSI who are anticipated to have a low‐response to stimulation based on one or more ORT measure
Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in IU vs 450 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
It is very uncertain whether used less than half of the brush of fluoride toothpaste changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with used half or more of the brush (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Self‐injury · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
It is very uncertain whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related drugs changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
Antidepressants may leads to higher adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Self‐injury · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (AEs) · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
Atypical antipsychotics may leads to higher adverse effects (AEs) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review