Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

Any field or review title

Field or topic

Source

Review versions

2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

current versions

No studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
COMPARISON 5. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs OLANZAPINE Mental state: as · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 1500 participants	Very low
COMPARISON 5. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs OLANZAPINE Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.15 [1.05, 1.25]	9 studies · 2331 participants	Low
COMPARISON 5. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs OLANZAPINE Quality of life: as · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 68 participants	Very low
COMPARISON 5. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs OLANZAPINE Adverse effects: weight gain · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.25 [0.15, 0.43]	9 studies · 1538 participants	Very low
COMPARISON 5. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs OLANZAPINE General functioning ‐ not measured · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
COMPARISON 5. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs OLANZAPINE Service use ‐ not measured · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE Quality of life: as measured by WHO‐QOL‐100 WHO‐QOL‐100 (low score = poor) · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 132 participants	Very low
COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE Adverse effects: extrapyramidal effects · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.91 [0.75, 4.85]	8 studies · 520 participants	Very low
COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE General functioning ‐ not measured · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE Service use ‐ not measured · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
COMPARISON 2. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs QUETIAPINE Global state: No clinically significant response (as defined by original studies) · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.92 [0.64, 1.32]	12 studies · 991 participants	Low
COMPARISON 2. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs QUETIAPINE Mental state: as assessed by PANSS positive symptom scale score PANSS positive symptom subscale (high score = poor) · patients with schizophrenia Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 583 participants	Very low
Pericyazine vs Typical antipsychotic Global state ‐ not improved · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.24 [0.93, 1.66]	2 studies · 122 participants	Very low
Pericyazine vs Atypical antipsychotic Mental state not reported · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pericyazine vs Atypical antipsychotic Leaving the study early for specific reasons · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.46 [0.11, 1.9]	1 study · 93 participants	Very low
Pericyazine vs Atypical antipsychotic Behaviour not reported · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pericyazine vs Atypical antipsychotic Economic outcomes not reported · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pericyazine vs Typical antipsychotic Global state ‐ relapse · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 80 participants	Very low
Pericyazine vs Typical antipsychotic Adverse events ‐ for specific reasons ‐ Extrapyramidal side effect · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.59 [0.38, 0.89]	3 studies · 163 participants	Very low
Pericyazine vs Typical antipsychotic Mental state not reported · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pericyazine vs Typical antipsychotic Leaving the study early for specific reasons · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.46 [0.11, 1.9]	2 studies · 71 participants	Very low
Pericyazine vs Typical antipsychotic Behaviour not reported · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pericyazine vs Typical antipsychotic Economic outcomes not reported · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pericyazine vs Atypical antipsychotic Global state ‐ not improved · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.97 [0.67, 1.42]	1 study · 93 participants	Very low
Pericyazine vs Atypical antipsychotic Adverse Effects ‐ Extrapyramidal symptoms · patients with schizophrenia Pericyazine for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.69 [1.35, 5.36]	1 study · 93 participants	Very low
SULPIRIDE vs PLACEBO Global state: clinically significant response in global state ‐ by long term ‐ not measured · people with schizophrenia Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
SULPIRIDE vs PLACEBO Mental state: average score for positive symptoms (skewed) ‐ by short term Manchester Scale, positive subset endpoint · people with schizophrenia Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 18 participants	Very low
SULPIRIDE vs PLACEBO Mental state: average score for negative symptoms ‐ by short term Manchester Scale, negative subset endpoint. Scale from: 0 to 20. · people with schizophrenia Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 18 participants	Very low
SULPIRIDE vs PLACEBO Mental state: average score for depressive and anxious symptoms ‐ by medium term ‐ not measured · people with schizophrenia Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
SULPIRIDE vs PLACEBO Quality of life: average score ‐ by long term ‐ not measured · people with schizophrenia Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
SULPIRIDE vs PLACEBO Severe adverse effects ‐ medium term ‐ not reported · people with schizophrenia Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
SULPIRIDE vs PLACEBO Safety assessments ‐ medium term ‐ not measured · people with schizophrenia Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Physical health monitoring vs no monitoring Physical health ‐ failure to identify a disease state and provide appropriate treatment · patients with people with serious mental illness Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Physical health monitoring vs no monitoring Physical health ‐ failure to effectively manage a known disease state · patients with people with serious mental illness Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Physical health monitoring vs no monitoring Quality of life: Loss of activities of Daily Living (ADL) skills · patients with people with serious mental illness Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Physical health monitoring vs no monitoring Adverse event ‐ clinically important adverse effect · patients with people with serious mental illness Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Physical health monitoring vs no monitoring Adverse event ‐ death · patients with people with serious mental illness Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Physical health monitoring vs no monitoring Economic ‐ increase costs of care · patients with people with serious mental illness Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Physical health monitoring vs no monitoring Social ‐ social isolation as a result of preventable incapacity · patients with people with serious mental illness Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
PHYSICAL HEALTH ADVICE vs STANDARD CARE Physicl health awareness ‐ not reported · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTH EDUCATION vs HEALTH EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION Adverse Effects · people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0 [0, 0]	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
HEALTH EDUCATION vs HEALTH EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION Economic ‐ not reported · people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTH EDUCATION vs HEALTH EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION Leaving the study early · people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.56 [0.26, 1.19]	1 study · 78 participants	Low
HEALTHY LIVING STUDY CIRCLE vs AESTHETIC STUDY CIRCLE Physical health: Identification of disease state (Metabolic syndrome) · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.25 [0.35, 4.49]	1 study · 13 participants	Low
HEALTHY LIVING STUDY CIRCLE vs AESTHETIC STUDY CIRCLE Physical health behaviour ‐ not measured · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTHY LIVING STUDY CIRCLE vs AESTHETIC STUDY CIRCLE Quality of life ‐ not measured · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTHY LIVING STUDY CIRCLE vs AESTHETIC STUDY CIRCLE Adverse Effects ‐ not reported · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTHY LIVING STUDY CIRCLE vs AESTHETIC STUDY CIRCLE Economic ‐ not reported · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
HEALTHY LIVING STUDY CIRCLE vs AESTHETIC STUDY CIRCLE Leaving the study early · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0 [0, 0]	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
PHYSICAL HEALTH ADVICE vs STANDARD CARE Physical health behaviour moderate or vigorous physical activity · patients with people with serious mental illness General physical health advice for people with serious mental illness (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 80 participants	Low