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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 28 studies · 1256 participants | Very low |
EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT Leaving study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.74, 1.35] | 8 studies · 400 participants | Very low |
EMDR vs non‐TFCBT Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 53 participants | Very low |
EMDR vs non‐TFCBT Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.37, 2.88] | 3 studies · 84 participants | Very low |
EMDR vs other therapies Leaving study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.26, 8.54] | 2 studies · 127 participants | Very low |
Non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 106 participants | Very low |
Non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care Leaving the study early due to any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.96 [0.7, 5.48] | 5 studies · 141 participants | Very low |
Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clincian‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Group TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 185 participants | Very low |
Group TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.94, 1.55] | 7 studies · 573 participants | Very low |
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [1.3, 2.06] | 33 studies · 1756 participants | Very low |
Group TFCBT vs Group non‐TFCBT Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 325 participants | Very low |
Group TFCBT vs Group non‐TFCBT Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 360 participants | Very low |
Other therapies vs Waitlist/Usual Care Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 112 participants | Very low |
Other therapies vs Waitlist/Usual Care Leaving the study early due to any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.45 [0.99, 6.1] | 4 studies · 211 participants | Very low |
Group non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT Severity of PTSD Symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 267 participants | Very low |
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.71, 2] | 7 studies · 312 participants | Very low |
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs other therapies Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 612 participants | Very low |
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs other therapies Leaving the study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [1.01, 1.92] | 11 studies · 762 participants | Very low |
EMDR vs Waitlist/Usual Care Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 183 participants | Very low |
EMDR vs Waitlist/Usual Care Leaving study early for any reason · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.62, 1.79] | 7 studies · 227 participants | Very low |
EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 327 participants | Very low |
Fluoxetine vs TCAs Failure to respond (reduction ≥ 50% on HDRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.77, 1.22] | 24 studies · 2124 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs ABT‐200 Failure to complete ‐ side effects ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.08 [0.02, 0.27] | 1 study · 144 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs phenelzine Failure to complete ‐ side effects ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.26] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Fluoxetine vs pramipexole Failure to respond (reduction ≥ 50% on HDRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.55 [0.24, 1.26] | 1 study · 105 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs pramipexole Endpoint score (HDRS or MADRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Fluoxetine vs pramipexole Failure to complete ‐ total ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.12 [0.03, 0.42] | 1 study · 105 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs pramipexole Failure to complete ‐ inefficacy ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.49 [0.05, 4.51] | 1 study · 105 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs pramipexole Failure to complete ‐ side effects ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.06 [0.01, 0.5] | 1 study · 105 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs reboxetine Failure to respond (reduction ≥ 50% on HDRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.55, 1.1] | 3 studies · 721 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs reboxetine Endpoint score (HDRS or MADRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 205 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs reboxetine Failure to complete ‐ total ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.44, 0.82] | 4 studies · 764 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs reboxetine Failure to complete ‐ inefficacy ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.47, 1.77] | 3 studies · 464 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs agomelatine Failure to respond (reduction ≥ 50% on HDRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.44 [0.99, 2.09] | 1 study · 515 participants | Low |
Fluoxetine vs reboxetine Failure to complete ‐ side effects ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.15, 1.09] | 2 studies · 211 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs sertraline Failure to respond (reduction ≥ 50% on HDRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.37 [1.08, 1.74] | 6 studies · 1188 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs sertraline Endpoint score (HDRS or MADRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1160 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs sertraline Failure to complete ‐ total ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.17 [0.93, 1.49] | 9 studies · 1591 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs sertraline Failure to complete ‐ inefficacy ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.09 [0.68, 1.77] | 5 studies · 1056 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs sertraline Failure to complete ‐ side effects ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.25 [0.92, 1.7] | 9 studies · 1591 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs tianeptine Failure to respond (reduction ≥ 50% on HDRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [0.75, 1.67] | 3 studies · 387 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs tianeptine Endpoint score (HDRS or MADRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 730 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs tianeptine Failure to complete ‐ total ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.69, 1.33] | 3 studies · 830 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs tianeptine Failure to complete ‐ inefficacy ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.27, 2.53] | 3 studies · 830 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs agomelatine Endpoint score (HDRS or MADRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1213 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs tianeptine Failure to complete ‐ side effects ‐ · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.71, 1.8] | 3 studies · 830 participants | Moderate |
Fluoxetine vs trazodone Failure to respond (reduction ≥ 50% on HDRS) · patients with depression Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.49 [0.13, 1.86] | 3 studies · 110 participants | Moderate |