Intervention not reported
Serious adverse events · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Death · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy, central post‐stroke…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Single dose probably leads to higher bacteriuria compared with multiple dose antibiotic (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Single dose showed no clear difference in fever compared with multiple dose antibiotic (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Single dose showed no clear difference in UTI compared with multiple dose antibiotic (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Single dose showed no clear difference in hospitalization compared with multiple dose antibiotic (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Intervention (no. of studies/participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention leads to lower natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The intervention may leads to lower teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Placebo · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Intervention (no. of studies/participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Alemtuzumab No direct evidence · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…
The intervention leads to lower alemtuzumab No direct evidence (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.57 [0.47, 0.68]
Studies not reported
High
Intervention not reported
Azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cladribine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1326 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…
The intervention leads to lower cladribine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1326 participants) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Dimethylfumarate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2307 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…
The intervention probably leads to lower dimethylfumarate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2307 participants) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fingolimod (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2355 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…
The intervention probably leads to lower fingolimod (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2355 participants) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 3 RCsT; 1014 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…
The intervention probably leads to lower glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 3 RCsT; 1014 participants) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]
3 participants
Moderate