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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone All‐cause death · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone Cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone Doubling of SCr · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 3.01 [1.86, 4.88] | 17 studies · 1959 participants | Very low |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.85, 1.16] | 11 studies · 4260 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 3.36 [0.93, 12.07] | 6 studies · 878 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular death Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.8, 1.07] | 2 studies · 30900 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Blood pressure7 Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Systolic BP (mm Hg) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 491 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Diastolic BP (mm Hg) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.81 | 3 studies · 383 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause death Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.67, 0.95] | 9 studies · 58984 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Hospitalisation Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause annual hospitalisation rate (admissions/patient‐year) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 834 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause annual hospitalisation days (days/patient‐year) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 834 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Received kidney transplantation Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.01, 1.63] | 6 studies · 10910 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Physical Component Summary Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | SMD 0.42 [0.1, 0.73] | 5 studies · 922 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mental Component Summary Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | SMD 0.1 | 5 studies · 922 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Recovery time (hours) Home versus in‐centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 348 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Extracorporeal circuit thrombosis Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane | 1.58 [0.46, 5.42] | 3 studies · 91 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Major bleeding Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Death (any cause) Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.64 [0.51, 13.83] | 3 studies · 120 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Dialysis vascular access thrombosis Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.7] | 2 studies · 45 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Dialysis vascular adequacy (Kt/V) · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Minor bleeding Median · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin Blood transfusion · adults with kidney failure treated with long‐term HD Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Patency at 30 days · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.86, 1.29] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy Failure · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.64, 1.32] | 3 studies · 404 participants | Very low |
Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy Technical success · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.85, 1.1] | 2 studies · 251 participants | Low |
Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy Access dysfunction · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy Successful dialysis · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy Major adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [0.78, 5.03] | 3 studies · 404 participants | Very low |
Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy Minor adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.54, 1.48] | 3 studies · 404 participants | Very low |
Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy Death · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.17, 7.99] | 1 study · 153 participants | Very low |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Patency at 30 days · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.82, 1.12] | 3 studies · 372 participants | Very low |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Failure · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.41, 1.25] | 3 studies · 372 participants | Very low |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Technical success · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.94, 1.14] | 3 studies · 372 participants | Very low |
Surgical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Failure · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.14, 3.17] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Access dysfunction · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Successful dialysis · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Major adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.54, 2.92] | 3 studies · 372 participants | Very low |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Minor adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.1, 4.98] | 2 studies · 252 participants | Very low |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs pulse spray technique Death · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 6.56 [0.35, 124.23] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Mechanical thrombectomy vs continuous infusion Patency at 30 days · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.02] | 2 studies · 118 participants | Very low |