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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
535 questions in 56 reviews · Hypertension
current versionsNo studies 37 · 6.9%Ungraded 34 · 6.4%Very low 91 · 17%Low 161 · 30.1%Moderate 136 · 25.4%High 76 · 14.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Unstable angina · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hospitalisation · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 743 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Systolic 24‐hour ABPM (mmHg) · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1045 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Diastolic 24‐hour ABPM (mmHg) · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1004 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Systolic office BP (mmHg) · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1090 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Diastolic office BP (mmHg) · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1049 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR eGFR or creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73m²) · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 822 participants | Moderate |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy Pharmacotherapy for hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.74, 1.4] | 3 studies · 930 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular events · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy Pharmacotherapy for hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.77, 1.55] | 3 studies · 930 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo or no treatment Total serious adverse events · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy Pharmacotherapy for hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.16] | 3 studies · 930 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo or no treatment Hospitalisation for heart failure · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy Pharmacotherapy for hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.57, 1.17] | 2 studies · 915 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawal due to adverse events · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy Pharmacotherapy for hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.09 [1.69, 5.66] | 1 study · 522 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total testosterone · Male participants Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Acronyms and grades · Male participants Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total testosterone · Adult female participants with PCOS Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 125 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR FAI · Adult female participants with PCOS Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 65 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR SHBG · Adult female participants with PCOS Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 65 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Androstenedione · Adult female participants with PCOS Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 125 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR DHEAS · Adult female participants with PCOS Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 125 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Acronyms and grades · Adult female participants with PCOS Effect of atorvastatin on testosterone levels (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.08 [-0.78, 0.61] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD 1.63 [0.43, 2.83] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.40 [-0.45, -0.35] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.49 [-0.67, -0.32] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Endothelial function (endothelial microparticles) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -384.42 [-625.58, -143.26] | 1 study · 107 participants | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2-3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.14 [-4.05, 3.77] | 2 studies · 294 participants | Low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.65 [-1.23, 2.53] | 1 study · 55 participants | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Endothelial function (forearm blood flow) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.10 [-0.67, 0.87] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Pocket probing depth (PPD) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -11.47 [-18.54, -4.40] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 6 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -2.25 [-9.41, 4.92] | 2 studies · 108 participants | Low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.34 [-1.06, 0.38] | 1 study · 169 participants | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2-3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -3.55 [-10.09, 2.98] | 2 studies · 227 participants | Very low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -36.80 [-46.47, -27.13] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.20 [-1.33, 0.93] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -10.50 [-17.17, -3.83] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Pocket probing depth (PPD) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.55 [-0.70, -0.40] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -2.45 [-7.95, 3.05] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 6 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -2.55 [-6.9, 1.8] | 2 studies · 103 participants | Low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Heart rate · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.70 [-6.06, 4.66] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.18 [-0.42, 0.05] | 2 studies · 294 participants | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -1.60 [-2.31, -0.89] | 1 study · 168 participants | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 3 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.59 [-9.18, 10.36] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 6 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -6.64 [-16.83, 3.55] | 2 studies · 227 participants | Very low |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.42 [-0.47, -0.37] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Plasma level of IL-6 (pg/mL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.90 [-2.97, 1.17] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake White population, normotensive, SBP mmHg · White population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines,… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 95 studies · 5982 participants | High |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake Asian population, normotensive, DBP mmHg · Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines,… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 950 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake Asian population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg · Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines,… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 254 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake Asian population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg · Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines,… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 254 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake Renin ng/ml/hour · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines,… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 91 studies · 2904 participants | High |