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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anti‐VEGF vs no anti‐VEGF Mean IOP, 4 to 6 weeks · people with neovascular glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 173 participants | Very low |
Anti‐VEGF vs no anti‐VEGF Proportion of participants with improvement in visual acuity of 2 ETDRS lines or 0.2 logMAR units, 4 to 6 weeks · people with neovascular glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.55 [1.6, 4.08] | 1 study · 93 participants | Very low |
Anti‐VEGF vs no anti‐VEGF Proportion of participants with complete regression of new iris vessels, 4 to 6 weeks · people with neovascular glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.63 [1.65, 4.18] | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
Anti‐VEGF vs no anti‐VEGF Proportion of participants with relief of pain and resolution of redness, 1 year · people with neovascular glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anti‐VEGF vs no anti‐VEGF Proportion of participants with adverse events at various · people with neovascular glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Mean BCVA (logMAR) · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 699 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Early POVCH Â · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.34, 0.58] | 14 studies · 1038 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Late POVCH Â · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.3, 0.74] | 11 studies · 579 participants | High |
Intervention NR Revision surgery for POVCH · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.15, 1.28] | 4 studies · 207 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Revision surgery for recurrent traction and/or RRD · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.15, 1.66] | 4 studies · 145 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Intraoperative retinal breaks · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.24, 0.59] | 12 studies · 915 participants | High |
Intervention NR Silicone oil use · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.27, 0.8] | 10 studies · 591 participants | Very low |
Face‐down positioning or posturing vs no face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery Macular hole closure (anatomical assessment) · adults with idiopathic macular holes Face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.99, 1.12] | 8 studies · 699 participants | Low |
Face‐down positioning or posturing vs no face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery Improved visual acuity (ETDRS chart at 4 metres) · adults with idiopathic macular holes Face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery (2023) · Cochrane | mean difference 2.04 | 3 studies · 217 participants | Very low |
Face‐down positioning or posturing vs no face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery Quality of life** (various metrics) · adults with idiopathic macular holes Face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 178 participants | Very low |
Face‐down positioning or posturing vs no face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery Postoperative nerve compression injury (clinical assessment) · adults with idiopathic macular holes Face‐down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 699 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone Loss of 3 or more lines of ETDRS visual acuity ‐ not reported · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone LogMAR visual acuity(logMAR scale value of 0 = 6/6 vision, higher score = worse vision) · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1172 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone Complete regression of new vessels (dichotomous outcome) · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [1.19, 2.24] | 5 studies · 405 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone Regression of new vessels (continuous outcome): mean area of fluorescein leakage (mm2) fluorescein angiography · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 189 participants | Low |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone Presence of vitreous haemorrhaged · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.57, 0.9] | 6 studies · 1008 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone Need for vitrectomy · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.49, 0.93] | 8 studies · 1248 participants | Low |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone Quality of life (VFQ‐25 General health) · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 382 participants | Low |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) with or without pan‐retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs PRP alone Adverse events · people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1070 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings 1: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in BCVA from baseline at 1 year (ETDRS letters) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1182 participants | High |
Summary of findings 2: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 6‐ to 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Safety: Development of macular neovascularisation or exudative AMD at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [0.67, 4.28] | 3 studies · 1331 participants | Low |
Summary of findings 2: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 6‐ to 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Safety: Development of endophthalmitis at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.94 [0.24, 102.78] | 3 studies · 1331 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 2: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 6‐ to 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Loss of ≥ 15 letters BCVA at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.72, 1.33] | 2 studies · 1096 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 2: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 6‐ to 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Change in LLVA from baseline at 1 year (ETDRS letters) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1065 participants | High |
Summary of findings 2: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 6‐ to 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Change in quality of life at 1 year (NEI VFQ‐25 composite score) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1003 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 3: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in BCVA from baseline at 1 year (ETDRS letters) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 164 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 3: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in untransformed GA lesion size from baseline at 1 year (mm²) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 967 participants | High |
Summary of findings 3: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Safety: Development of macular neovascularisation or exudative AMD at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.47 [0.41, 48.98] | 3 studies · 1003 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings 3: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Safety: Development of endophthalmitis at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.79 [0.42, 34.05] | 3 studies · 1003 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 3: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Loss of ≥ 15 letters BCVA at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings 1: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in untransformed GA lesion size from baseline at 1 year (mm²) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1199 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 3: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in LLVA from baseline at 1 year (ETDRS letters) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 164 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 3: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in quality of life at 1 year (NEI VFQ‐25 composite score) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings 4: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Change in BCVA from baseline at 1 year (ETDRS letters) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 158 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 4: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Change in untransformed GA lesion size from baseline at 1 year (mm²) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 963 participants | High |
Summary of findings 4: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Safety: Development of macular neovascularisation or exudative AMD at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.29 [0.46, 11.35] | 3 studies · 997 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings 4: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Safety: Development of endophthalmitis at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.77 [0.55, 41.68] | 3 studies · 997 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 4: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Loss of ≥ 15 letters BCVA at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings 4: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Change in LLVA from baseline at 1 year (ETDRS letters) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 158 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 4: Efficacy and safety of IVT pegcetacoplan 8‐weekly (every other month) vs sham Change in quality of life at 1 year (NEI VFQ‐25 composite score) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings 1: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Safety: Development of macular neovascularisation or exudative AMD at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.77 [0.73, 4.3] | 3 studies · 1330 participants | Low |
Summary of findings 1: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Safety: Development of endophthalmitis at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 6.92 [0.36, 133.73] | 3 studies · 1330 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 1: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Loss of ≥ 15 letters BCVA at 1 year · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.18] | 2 studies · 1103 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings 1: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in LLVA from baseline at 1 year (ETDRS letters) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1068 participants | High |
Summary of findings 1: Efficacy and safety of IVT lampalizumab 4‐weekly (monthly) vs sham Change in quality of life at 1 year (NEI VFQ‐25 composite score) · adults with GA due to AMD Complement inhibitors for age‐related macular degeneration (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 983 participants | High |