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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT
current versionsNo studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Ear pain: at the time of injection · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Change in hearing threshold determined by PTA Range 0 dB to 140 dB Negative values represent lowering and positive values represent raising of the hearing threshold. A lower hearing threshold represents hearing improvement. Â · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 280 participants | Low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Proportion of patients whose hearing is improved · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.97, 1.12] | 14 studies · 972 participants | Moderate |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Proportion of patients whose hearing is improved · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5.55 [2.89, 10.68] | 6 studies · 232 participants | Low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Final hearing threshold determined by PTA (a lower value represents better hearing) · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 203 participants | Low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Adverse eventsb · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Persistent tympanic membrane perforation · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 185 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Vertigo/dizziness: timing not reported · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Vertigo/dizziness at the time of intratympanic injection · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 128 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Ear pain: timing not reported · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs no treatment or versus placebo Ear pain at the time of intratympanic injection · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 44 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Change in hearing threshold determined by PTA · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Proportion of patients whose hearing is improved · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.24 [1.1, 4.55] | 1 study · 76 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Final hearing threshold determined by PTA (a lower value represents better hearing) · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 516 participants | Low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Final hearing threshold determined by PTA · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Adverse eventsb · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Persistent tympanic membrane perforation · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Vertigo/dizziness: timing not reported · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Vertigo/dizziness: at the time of injection · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Ear pain: timing not reported · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Ear pain: at the time of injection · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Adverse eventsb · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Tympanic membrane perforation · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 463 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Vertigo/dizziness: timing not reportedd · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.53 [1.41, 4.54] | 1 study · 250 participants | Low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Vertigo/dizziness: at the time of injection · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 301 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Ear pain: timing not reportedf · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | RR 15.68 [6.22, 39.49] | 2 studies · 289 participants | Moderate |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Ear pain: at the time of injectionf · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 393 participants | Low |
Antihistamines vs placebo Proportion of susceptible participants who did not experience any motion sickness symptoms under natural conditions Assessed by: self‐reported questionnaires6,7 · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.81 [1.23, 2.66] | 3 studies · 240 participants | Moderate |
Antihistamines vs scopolamine Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs scopolamine Physiological measures: heart rate Assessed by: self‐measured (participant measured own pulse rate) · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Antihistamines vs scopolamine Physiological measures: core temperature and gastric tachyarrhythmia (electrogastrography) · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs scopolamine Adverse effects: sedation Assessed by: self‐reported · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.07, 9.25] | 2 studies · 90 participants | Very low |
Antihistamines vs scopolamine Adverse effects: impaired cognitive function · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs scopolamine Adverse effects: blurred vision Assessed by: self‐reported · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Antihistamines vs antiemetics Proportion of susceptible participants who did not experience any motion sickness symptoms under experimental conditions Assessed by: calculated based on head movements tolerated (rotating chair); MSAQ · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Antihistamines vs antiemetics Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs antiemetics Physiological measures: heart rate and core temperature · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs antiemetics Physiological measures: gastric tachyarrhythmia2 Assessed by: electrogastrography · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Antihistamines vs placebo Proportion of susceptible participants who did not experience any motion sickness symptoms under experimental conditions Assessed by: rotating chair · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Antihistamines vs antiemetics Adverse effects: impaired cognition and blurred vision · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs acupuncture Proportion of susceptible participants who did not experience any motion sickness symptoms under experimental conditions Assessed by: Graybiel motion sickness scale · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.12, 1.57] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Antihistamines vs acupuncture Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs acupuncture Physiological measures: heart rate, core temperature and gastric tachyarrhythmia (electrogastrography) · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs acupuncture Adverse effects: sedation, impaired cognitive function, blurred vision · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs placebo Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs placebo Physiological measures: heart rate and core temperature · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antihistamines vs placebo Physiological measures: gastric tachyarrhythmia10 Assessed by: electrogastrography · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Antihistamines vs placebo Adverse effects: sedation Assessed by: adverse effect questionnaire (presence or absence given numerical values) · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [1.12, 2.02] | 2 studies · 190 participants | Low |
Antihistamines vs placebo Adverse effects: impaired cognition Assessed by: adverse effect questionnaire (presence or absence given numerical values) · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.58, 1.38] | 2 studies · 190 participants | Low |
Antihistamines vs placebo Adverse effects: blurred vision Assessed by: adverse effect questionnaire (presence or absence given numerical values) · patients with motion sickness Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.53, 2.48] | 2 studies · 190 participants | Low |