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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Functional ability · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Stroke or transient ischaemic attack · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Any adverse events (excluding major bleeding) · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Withdrawal from study medication · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Change in cognitive function from baseline · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3020 participants | Low |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Incident dementia · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Major bleeding (intracranial and extracranial) · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3020 participants | Low |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Functional ability · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Stroke or transient ischaemic attack · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3020 participants | Low |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Incident dementia · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Any adverse events (excluding major bleeding) · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Withdrawal from study medication · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3020 participants | Low |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Major bleeding (intracranial and extracranial) · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Functional ability · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Stroke or transient ischaemic attack · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Any adverse events (excluding major bleeding) · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Withdrawal from study medication · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Change in cognitive function from baseline · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Incident dementia · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Use of physical restraints · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pressure sensors in bed and chair vs usual care Adverse events related to the use of physical restraints · older people in general hospital settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pressure sensors in bed and chair vs usual care Falls · older people in general hospital settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.31, 5.79] | 1 study · 180 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pressure sensors in bed and chair vs usual care Fall‐related injuries · older people in general hospital settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pressure sensors in bed and chair vs usual care Mobility · older people in general hospital settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 180 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pressure sensors in bed and chair vs usual care Challenging behaviour · older people in general hospital settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pressure sensors in bed and chair vs usual care Quality of life · older people in general hospital settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Adverse events related to the use of physical restraints · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Number of participants with at least one fall · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1743 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Number of falls · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Fall‐related injuries · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Mobility · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1058 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Challenging behaviour · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational interventions vs usual care Quality of life · older people Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pressure sensors in bed and chair vs usual care Use of physical restraints · older people in general hospital settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 180 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain intensity (self‐rated) · people with dementia and mild to moderate pain Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 246 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain intensity (proxy‐rated) · people with dementia and mild to moderate pain Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 510 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Challenging behaviour · people with dementia and mild to moderate pain Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Number of people with adverse events · people with dementia and mild to moderate pain Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Number of people with serious adverse events · people with dementia and mild to moderate pain Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with dementia and mild to moderate pain Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Performance of activities of daily living · people with dementia and mild to moderate pain Algorithm‐based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Cognitive decline · older adults with cognitive impairment at baseline Anticholinergic burden for prediction of cognitive decline or neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 18213 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Neuropsychiatric outcomes · older adults with cognitive impairment at baseline Anticholinergic burden for prediction of cognitive decline or neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo Number of cases of dementia Range of · participants without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.72, 1.07] | 4 studies · 15427 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo Change in cognitive score (MMSE) Range of · participants without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 9435 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo Change in systolic blood pressure level (mmHg) Range of · participants without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 17793 participants | Low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo Change in diastolic blood pressure level (mmHg) Range of · participants without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 15209 participants | Low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo Adverse effects Range of · participants without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 16830 participants | Very low |
Antihypertensive therapy vs placebo Quality of life measured via Sickness Impact Profile, PGWB Positive well‐being, and EuroQoL Current Health Range of · participants without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 15795 participants | Very low |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations Caregiver burden · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 597 participants | Moderate |